UI - 97479605 PM - 9339686 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Rosenbaum JL AU - Almli CR AU - Yundt KD AU - Altman DI AU - Powers WJ TI - Higher neonatal cerebral blood flow correlates with worse childhood neurologic outcome. MH - Cerebrovascular Circulation/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - *Child Development MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Human MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Intelligence MH - *Nervous System Physiology MH - Neurologic Examination MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Tomography, Emission-Computed DP - 1997 Oct TA - Neurology IS - 0028-3878 JC - NZ0 PG - 1035-1041 IP - 4 VI - 49 AB - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in newborn infants is often below levels necessary to sustain brain viability in adults. Controversy exists regarding the effects of such low CBF on subsequent neurologic function. We determined the current childhood neurologic status and IQ in 26 subjects who had measurements of CBF performed with PET in the neonatal period between 1983 and 1989 as part of a study of hypoxic- ischemic encephalopathy. Follow-up information at ages 4 to 12 years was obtained on all 26 subjects. Ten subjects had died. All 16 survivors underwent clinical neurologic evaluation, and 14 also underwent intelligence testing. Eight had abnormal clinical neurologic evaluations; eight were normal. The mean neonatal CBF in those with abnormal childhood neurologic outcome was significantly higher than in those with normal childhood neurologic outcome (35.64 +/- 11.80 versus 18.26 +/- 8.62 mL 100 g(-1) min(-1), t = 3.36, p = 0.005). A significant negative correlation between neonatal CBF and childhood IQ was demonstrated (Spearman rank correlation r = -0.675, p = 0.008). Higher CBF was associated with lower IQ. The higher CBF in subjects with worse neurologic and intellectual outcome may reflect greater loss of cerebrovascular autoregulation or other vascular regulatory mechanisms due to more severe brain damage. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, MO 63110, USA. SO - Neurology 1997 Oct;49(4):1035-1041 UI - 98018928 PM - 9357896 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Rossner KL AU - Freese KJ TI - Bupivacaine inhibition of L-type calcium current in ventricular cardiomyocytes of hamster. MH - Anesthetics, Local/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Animal MH - Bupivacaine/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Calcium Channels/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MH - Hamsters MH - Heart/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Male MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 2180-92-9 (Bupivacaine) RN - 0 (Calcium Channels) RN - 0 (Anesthetics, Local) RN - 0 (dihydropyridine receptor) DP - 1997 Oct TA - Anesthesiology IS - 0003-3022 JC - 4SG PG - 926-934 IP - 4 VI - 87 AB - BACKGROUND: The local anesthetic bupivacaine is cardiotoxic when accidentally injected into the circulation. Such cardiotoxicity might involve an inhibition of cardiac L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L). This study was designed to define the mechanism of bupivacaine inhibition of ICa,L. METHODS: Cardiomyocytes were enzymatically dispersed from hamster ventricles. Certain voltage- and time-dependencies of ICa,L were recorded using the whole-cell patch clamp method in the presence and absence of different concentrations of bupivacaine. RESULTS: Bupivacaine, in a concentration-dependent manner (10-300 microM), tonically inhibited the peak amplitude of ICa,L. The inhibition was characterized by an increase in the time of recovery from inactivation and a negative-voltage shift of the steady-state inactivation curve. The inhibition was shown to be voltage-dependent, and the peak amplitude of ICa,L could not be restored to control levels by a wash from bupivacaine. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibition of ICa,L appears, in part, to result from bupivacaine predisposing L-type Ca channels to the inactivated state. Data from washout suggest that there may be two mechanisms of inhibition at work. Bupivacaine may bind with low affinity to the Ca channel and also affect an unidentified metabolic component that modulates Ca channel function. AD - Department of Anesthesiology, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York, USA. krossner@epo.som.sunysb.edu SO - Anesthesiology 1997 Oct;87(4):926-934 UI - 97443327 PM - 9298188 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Shi Y AU - Weimer PJ AU - Ralph J TI - Formation of formate and hydrogen, and flux of reducing equivalents and carbon in Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1. MH - Acetates/*METABOLISM MH - Anaerobiosis MH - Bacterial Proteins/METABOLISM/ANALYSIS MH - Carbon Dioxide/METABOLISM MH - Cellobiose/METABOLISM MH - Cellulose/METABOLISM MH - Fermentation MH - Formates/*METABOLISM MH - Gram-Positive Cocci/*METABOLISM/GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT/ENZYMOLOGY MH - Hydrogen/*METABOLISM MH - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MH - Hydrogenase/METABOLISM MH - Lactic Acid/METABOLISM MH - Phosphoenolpyruvate/METABOLISM MH - Pyruvic Acid/METABOLISM MH - Succinic Acid/*METABOLISM MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. RN - 9004-34-6 (Cellulose) RN - 73-89-2 (Phosphoenolpyruvate) RN - 50-21-5 (Lactic Acid) RN - 16462-44-5 (Cellobiose) RN - 1333-74-0 (Hydrogen) RN - 127-17-3 (Pyruvic Acid) RN - 124-38-9 (Carbon Dioxide) RN - 110-15-6 (Succinic Acid) RN - 0 (Formates) RN - 0 (Bacterial Proteins) RN - 0 (Acetates) RN - EC 1.18.99.1 (Hydrogenase) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek IS - 0003-6072 JC - 6JE PG - 101-109 IP - 2 VI - 72 AB - A pathway for conversion of the metabolic intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and the formation of acetate, succinate, formate, and H2 in the anaerobic cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 was constructed on the basis of enzyme activities detected in extracts of cells grown in cellulose- or cellobiose-limited continuous culture. PEP was converted to acetate and CO2 (via pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and acetate kinase) or carboxylated to form succinate (via PEP carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and fumarate reductase). Lactate was not formed even during rapid growth (batch culture, mu = 0.35/h). H2 was formed by a hydrogenase rather than by cleavage of formate, and 13C-NMR and 14C-exchange reaction data indicated that formate was produced by CO2 reduction, not by a cleavage of pyruvate. The distribution of PEP into the acetate and succinate pathways was not affected by changing extracellular pH and growth rates within the normal growth range. However, increasing growth rate from 0.017/h to 0.244/h resulted in a shift toward formate production, presumably at the expense of H2. This shift suggested that reducing equivalents could be balanced through formate or H2 production without affecting the yields of the major carbon-containing fermentation endproducts. AD - Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706, USA. SO - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1997 Aug;72(2):101-109 UI - 97408530 PM - 9263049 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Mallinckrodt CH AU - Golden BL AU - Reverter A TI - Approximate confidence intervals for heritability from method R estimates. MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Animal MH - Animals, Domestic/*GENETICS MH - Confidence Intervals MH - Female MH - *Genetics/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA MH - Male MH - *Models, Genetic MH - Phenotype MH - Time Factors DP - 1997 Aug TA - J Anim Sci IS - 0021-8812 JC - HC7 PG - 2041-2046 IP - 8 VI - 75 AB - Method R estimates of heritability (h2) and associated confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from simulated data using a single trait, direct effects, full animal model, with 50% subsampling. Five hundred data sets were simulated for each of five levels of h2 (.10, .20, .30, .40, and .50) and two types of pedigree structure (random pedigree structure [N = 2,000] that varied over simulations, or the pedigree structure from a real data set [N = 2,644] that was constant for all simulations). The first 10, 20, and all 50 h2 estimates were used to obtain 80, 90, 95, and 99% CI for each data set. The variance of h2 estimates within data sets approximated the sampling variance of the h2 estimates. The Box-Cox transformation was used to normalize the distribution of estimates from each data set. Confidence intervals were computed on the transformed scale as CI = mu +/- (T x sigma), where mu and sigma = the mean and SD of the N transformed h2 estimates, respectively, and T = the critical value from the T distribution for a 1-alpha CI, with df = N-1. Upper and lower CI bounds were converted back to the original scale by reversing the transformation. The percentages of CI containing the true h2 value, pooled across all levels of h2, types of pedigree, and number of estimates used to obtain CI, for 80, 90, 95, and 99% CI were 81.14, 90.96, 95.27, and 98.76%, respectively. These results suggested that Method R h2 estimates can be used to obtain reliable CI. AD - Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA. SO - J Anim Sci 1997 Aug;75(8):2041-2046 UI - 97453431 PM - 9308130 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Therneau TM AU - Hamilton SA TI - rhDNase as an example of recurrent event analysis. MH - Adult MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Child MH - Cystic Fibrosis/*DRUG THERAPY MH - Data Collection/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA MH - Deoxyribonuclease I/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Double-Blind Method MH - Expectorants/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/*THERAPY MH - Human MH - Interferon-gamma, Recombinant/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - *Mathematical Computing MH - *Models, Statistical MH - Randomized Controlled Trials/*STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA MH - Recombinant Proteins/THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Risk MH - *Software MH - *Survival Analysis MH - Treatment Outcome RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) RN - 0 (Interferon-gamma, Recombinant) RN - 0 (Expectorants) RN - EC 3.1.21.1 (Deoxyribonuclease I) RN - EC 3.1.- (dornase alfa) DP - 1997 Sep 30 TA - Stat Med IS - 0277-6715 JC - SIM PG - 2029-2047 IP - 18 VI - 16 AB - We consider counting process methods for analysing time-to-event data with multiple or recurrent outcomes, using the models developed by Anderson and Gill, Wei, Lin and Weissfeld and Prentice, Williams and Peterson. We compare the methods, and show how to implement them using popular statistical software programs. By analysing three data sets, we illustrate the strengths and pitfalls of each method. The first example is simulated and involves the effect of a hidden covariate. The second is based on a trial of gamma interferon, and behaves remarkably like the first. The third and most interesting example involves both multiple events and discontinuous intervals at risk, and the three approaches give dissimilar answers. We recommend the AG and marginal models for the analysis of this type of data. AD - Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MI, USA. SO - Stat Med 1997 Sep 30;16(18):2029-2047 UI - 97461352 PM - 9317033 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ghosh SK AU - Samuelson J TI - Involvement of p21racA, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and vacuolar ATPase in phagocytosis of bacteria and erythrocytes by Entamoeba histolytica: suggestive evidence for coincidental evolution of amebic invasiveness. MH - Ammonium Chloride/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Androstadienes/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Animal MH - Antibiotics, Macrolide/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Bacteria MH - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Entamoeba histolytica/*PATHOGENICITY/GENETICS/CYTOLOGY MH - Erythrocytes MH - Evolution MH - G-Proteins/*METABOLISM/GENETICS MH - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MH - Immunologic Capping MH - Leucine/PHARMACOLOGY/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES MH - Macrophages/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Models, Biological MH - Monensin/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Mutation MH - Phagocytosis/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Pinocytosis MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Transformation, Genetic MH - Vacuoles/PHYSIOLOGY MH - 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/*METABOLISM/GENETICS RN - 7005-03-0 (Leucine) RN - 66701-25-5 (E 64) RN - 19545-26-7 (wortmannin) RN - 17090-79-8 (Monensin) RN - 127315-79-1 (rac proteins) RN - 12125-02-9 (Ammonium Chloride) RN - 0 (G-Proteins) RN - 0 (Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Antibiotics, Macrolide) RN - 0 (Androstadienes) RN - EC 2.7.1.137 (1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase) DP - 1997 Oct TA - Infect Immun IS - 0019-9567 JC - GO7 PG - 4243-4249 IP - 10 VI - 65 AB - Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite that causes amebic dysentery, phagocytose bacteria in the colonic lumen and erythrocytes (RBC) in host tissues. Because tissue invasion is an evolutionary dead end, it is likely that amebic pathogenicity is coincidentally selected, i.e., the same methods used to kill bacteria in the colonic lumen are used by parasites to damage host cells and cause disease. In support of this idea, the amebic lectin and pore- forming peptide are involved in binding and killing, respectively, bacteria and host epithelial cells. Here amebic phagocytosis of bacteria, RBC, and mucin-coated beads was disrupted by overexpression of E. histolytica p21(racA-V12), a ras-family protein involved in selection of sites of actin polymerization, which had been mutated to eliminate its GTPase activity. p21(racA-V12) transformants were also defective in capping and cytokinesis, while pinocytosis of fluorescent dextrans was not affected. Wortmannin, a fungal inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, markedly inhibited phagocytosis of bacteria, RBC, and mucin-coated beads by wild-type amebae. In contrast to p21(racA-V12) overexpression, wortmannin abolished amebic pinocytosis of dextrans but had no inhibitory effects on capping. Inhibition of amebic vacuolar acidification by bafilomycin also decreased bacterial and RBC uptake. These results, which demonstrate similarities between mechanisms of phagocytosis of bacteria and RBC by amebae and macrophages, support the idea of coincidental selection of amebic genes encoding proteins that mediate destruction of host cells. AD - Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. SO - Infect Immun 1997 Oct;65(10):4243-4249 UI - 97470578 PM - 9331038 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Crawford RW AU - Ellis AM AU - Gie GA AU - Ling RS TI - Intra-articular local anaesthesia for pain after hip arthroplasty. MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Anesthetics, Local/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Arthrography MH - Bupivacaine/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Female MH - Follow-Up Studies MH - Hip Prosthesis/*ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Human MH - Injections, Intra-Articular MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Pain Measurement MH - Pain, Postoperative/RADIOGRAPHY/*ETIOLOGY/*DRUG THERAPY MH - Prosthesis Failure RN - 2180-92-9 (Bupivacaine) RN - 0 (Anesthetics, Local) DP - 1997 Sep TA - J Bone Joint Surg Br IS - 0301-620X JC - HK7 PG - 796-800 IP - 5 VI - 79 AB - We investigated 15 patients with painful hip arthroplasties using intra- articular injection of bupivicaine. Fourteen had pain relief and 13 of them were subsequently found to have loosening of one or both components. The relief of pain after total hip arthroplasty by intra- articular injection of bupivicaine indicates that a satisfactory result is probable after revision surgery with refixation of the components. AD - Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Hospital, Exeter, UK. SO - J Bone Joint Surg Br 1997 Sep;79(5):796-800 UI - 98021690 PM - 9382160 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ifudu O AU - Macey LJ AU - Homel P AU - Hyppolite JC AU - Hong J AU - Sumrani N AU - Distant D AU - Sommer BG AU - Friedman EA TI - Determinants of type of initial hemodialysis vascular access. MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - *Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - *Catheters, Indwelling/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Comparative Study MH - Decision Making MH - Female MH - Graft Occlusion, Vascular/ETIOLOGY MH - Hemodialysis/*METHODS MH - Human MH - Kidney Failure, Chronic/THERAPY MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Polytetrafluoroethylene/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Prospective Studies MH - Sex Factors MH - Thrombosis/ETIOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY RN - 9002-84-0 (Polytetrafluoroethylene) DP - 1997 TA - Am J Nephrol IS - 0250-8095 JC - 3MB PG - 425-427 IP - 5 VI - 17 AB - Vascular access thrombosis is more common with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts than with native arteriovenous fistulae (AVF). Recent studies report an unexplained excess vascular access morbidity in women on hemodialysis. We studied 92 consecutive end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients receiving their first permanent hemodialysis vascular access at initiation of hemodialysis to identify variables that determine assignment of either a PTFE graft or a native AVF. Independent variables included: age, gender, race, etiology of ESRD, and whether or not access surgery was electively planned before need for dialytic therapy. The 51 women and 41 men included 65 blacks, 13 Hispanics, 11 whites, and 3 Orientals aged 50 +/- (SD) 16 years. Of the 92 subjects, 54 (59%) received an AVF, while 38 (41%) received a PTFE graft. 36 (94%) of 38 PTFE grafts were placed in the upper arm as compared with 9 (17%) of 54 AVF (p = 0.0001). Also, 45 (83%) of 54 AVF were placed in the forearm as compared with only 2 (6%) of 38 PTFE grafts (p = 0.0001). Women were more likely to receive a PTFE graft - 28 (55%) of 51 - than men - 10 (24%) of 41 (p = 0.003). By contrast, men were more likely to get an AVF - 31 (76%) of 41 - than women - 23 (45 %) of 51 (p = 0.003). The log linear analysis confirmed that this finding was significant (p = 0.0018) for the coefficient of interaction between gender and type of vascular access. No other independent variable had a significant relationship with type of vascular access. We conclude that women with ESRD are more likely to receive a PTFE graft for hemodialysis, while men are more likely to get an AVF. These findings may explain, in part, the reported excess vascular access morbidity in women on hemodialysis. AD - Department of Medicine, Scientific and Academic Computing Center, State University of New York Health Science Center, Brooklyn 11203, USA. SO - Am J Nephrol 1997 ;17(5):425-427 UI - 97446537 PM - 9301125 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Oki T AU - Yamazaki Y AU - Furumai T AU - Igarashi Y TI - Pradimicin, a mannose-binding antibiotic, induced carbohydrate-mediated apoptosis in U937 cells. MH - Antibiotics/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Antibiotics, Anthracycline/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Antigens, Surface/BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Apoptosis/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Carbohydrates/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Cell Line MH - DNA, Neoplasm/CHEMISTRY/BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Electrophoresis, Agar Gel MH - Human MH - Leukemia, Myeloid/METABOLISM MH - Mannose/METABOLISM MH - Oligosaccharides/BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - 1-Deoxynojirimycin/PHARMACOLOGY RN - 31103-86-3 (Mannose) RN - 19130-96-2 (1-Deoxynojirimycin) RN - 0 (Oligosaccharides) RN - 0 (DNA, Neoplasm) RN - 0 (Carbohydrates) RN - 0 (Antigens, Surface) RN - 0 (Antibiotics, Anthracycline) RN - 0 (Antibiotics) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Biosci Biotechnol Biochem IS - 0916-8451 JC - BDP PG - 1408-1410 IP - 8 VI - 61 AB - Pradimicin (PRM), a mannose-binding antifungal antibiotic, recognizes a D-mannoside in the presence of calcium. We demonstrated that BMY-28864, a semi-synthetic analog of PRM, induced apoptosis in U937 cells which had been incubated with 1-deoxymannojirimycin (DMJ). Characteristic morphological changes such as formation of apoptotic bodies and DNA fragmentation were observed in apoptotic cells. AD - Toyama Prefectural University, Biotechnology Research Center, Japan. oki@pu-toyama.ac.jp SO - Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1997 Aug;61(8):1408-1410 UI - 98018494 PM - 9378488 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Kadena T AU - Matsuzaki G AU - Fujise S AU - Kishihara K AU - Takimoto H AU - Sasaki M AU - Beppu M AU - Nakamura S AU - Nomoto K TI - TCR alpha beta+ CD4- CD8- T cells differentiate extrathymically in an lck-independent manner and participate in early response against Listeria monocytogenes infection through interferon-gamma production. MH - Animal MH - Antigens, CD4/ANALYSIS MH - Antigens, CD8/ANALYSIS MH - Ascitic Fluid/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Cell Culture MH - Cell Differentiation/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Cytokines/METABOLISM/GENETICS MH - Female MH - Gene Expression MH - Interferon Type II/*BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Listeria Infections/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/IMMUNOLOGY/*DEFICIENCY MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred Strains MH - Mice, Knockout MH - Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*ANALYSIS MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*IMMUNOLOGY RN - 82115-62-6 (Interferon Type II) RN - 0 (Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta) RN - 0 (Cytokines) RN - 0 (Antigens, CD8) RN - 0 (Antigens, CD4) RN - EC 2.7.11.- (Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Immunology IS - 0019-2805 JC - GH7 PG - 511-519 IP - 4 VI - 91 AB - T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta+ CD4- CD8- (double-negative; DN) T cells appear in the peritoneal cavity at an early stage of intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. In the present report, we analysed the developmental pathway and functions of the TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells using the L. monocytogenes infection system. The TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells appeared in the peritoneal cavity after L. monocytogenes i.p. infection in adult-thymectomized lethally irradiated bone marrow chimeras and p56lck-deficient mice. The results demonstrated that the TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells can develop extrathymically in a p56lck- independent manner. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) analysis showed that the TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells expressed genes for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), the macrophage chemotactic factors MCP-1 and Eta-1, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) but lacked expression of genes for interleukin-2 (IL- 2), IL-4 and IL-10. As expected from the RT-PCR analysis, the TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells produced IFN-gamma in response to anti-TCR beta monoclonal antibody (mAb), anti-CD3 mAb and L. monocytogenes-infected macrophages but IL-4 was undetectable after the stimulation. Furthermore, the intracellular cytokine staining analysis demonstrated that approximately half of the TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells detectable at the early stage of L. monocytogenes infection were IFN-gamma-producing cells. All of the results suggest that the TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells develop through a unique extrathymic p56lck-independent pathway and participate in early protection against bacterial infection through activation and accumulation of macrophages. AD - Department of Immunology, Kyushu University, Japan. SO - Immunology 1997 Aug;91(4):511-519 UI - 97443625 PM - 9298438 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Mohr DC AU - Goodkin DE AU - Likosky W AU - Beutler L AU - Gatto N AU - Langan MK TI - Identification of Beck Depression Inventory items related to multiple sclerosis. MH - Adult MH - Depressive Disorder/*PSYCHOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS MH - Female MH - Human MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Multiple Sclerosis/*PSYCHOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS MH - Personality Inventory/*STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA MH - Psychometrics MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Sick Role MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DP - 1997 Aug TA - J Behav Med IS - 0160-7715 JC - J58 PG - 407-414 IP - 4 VI - 20 AB - The percentage contribution of each item on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) to the total BDI score was compared across patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder, and normal college students. We considered an item to be confounded by MS-related symptoms if its percentage contribution to the total BDI score was significantly greater in the MS group than the major depression and control groups. Items measuring work difficulty, fatigue, and concerns about health met this criterion. These items accounted for 34, 17, and 19% of the total BDI score in the MS, major depression, and control groups, respectively. Using the 18-item BDI (BDI-18) which resulted from excluding the 3 confounded items, MS patients found to be were more depressed than controls but less depressed than the major depression group. The identification of signs of depression not confounded with MS which could be substituted for confounded signs was also discussed. AD - UCSF/Mt. Zion MS Center 94115-1642, USA. SO - J Behav Med 1997 Aug;20(4):407-414 UI - 97425672 PM - 9279722 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Flehmig B AU - Staedele H AU - Xueref C AU - Vidor E AU - Zuckerman J AU - Zuckerman A TI - Early appearance of neutralizing antibodies after vaccination with an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Antibodies, Viral/*ANALYSIS MH - Comparative Study MH - Female MH - Hepatitis A/PREVENTION & CONTROL MH - Hepatitis A Virus, Human/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Human MH - Male MH - Neutralization Tests MH - Radioimmunoassay MH - Vaccines, Inactivated/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Viral Hepatitis Vaccines/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE RN - 0 (Viral Hepatitis Vaccines) RN - 0 (Vaccines, Inactivated) RN - 0 (Antibodies, Viral) RN - 0 (hepatitis A vaccine) DP - 1997 Jul TA - J Infect IS - 0163-4453 JC - IG9 PG - 37-40 IP - 1 VI - 35 AB - Sera from 30 subjects vaccinated with the Pasteur Merieux Serums & Vaccins (PM) inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, and from 30 subjects vaccinated with the Smithkline Beecham (SB) inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, were tested in two laboratories in order to provide comparative data on neutralizing activities of vaccine-induced antibodies. Sera were also evaluated by a modified radioimmunoassay (mRIA) and results were compared to neutralization assays results. Neutralizing antibody titres provided by the two laboratories correlated well (coefficient or correlation 0.42, P < 0.001). Neutralizing antibodies were detected after vaccination with both vaccines, and the kinetics of neutralizing antibody were the same with both vaccines. The titres gradually increased between the second week after the first dose and the post-booster dose (week 28). A strong booster effect of the booster vaccine dose on neutralizing titres was observed. Significantly higher neutralizing antibody titres with the PM vaccine were observed as early immune response on week 2 titres on both series of results. Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titres and vaccine-induced antibody mRIA titres correlated well (coefficient of correlation 0.82 and 0.72, respectively, P < 0.0001 in both cases). These results demonstrate early appearance of neutralizing antibody at high titre with the PM vaccine. AD - Hygiene-Institut der Universitat Tubingen, Abteilung fur Medizinische Virologie und Epidemiologie der Viruskrankheiten, Germany. SO - J Infect 1997 Jul;35(1):37-40 UI - 98031862 PM - 9366534 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Yang WT AU - Yeo W AU - Leung SF AU - Chan YL AU - Johnson PJ AU - Metreweli C TI - MRI and CT of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma causing spinal cord compression. MH - Adult MH - Bone Neoplasms/*SECONDARY/RADIOGRAPHY MH - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*SECONDARY/DIAGNOSIS/COMPLICATIONS MH - Case Report MH - Fatal Outcome MH - Female MH - Human MH - Liver Neoplasms/*PATHOLOGY MH - *Magnetic Resonance Imaging MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Spinal Cord Compression/*ETIOLOGY MH - Spinal Neoplasms/SECONDARY/COMPLICATIONS MH - *Tomography, X-Ray Computed DP - 1997 Oct TA - Clin Radiol IS - 0009-9260 JC - DIU PG - 755-760 IP - 10 VI - 52 AB - We report the imaging features in five patients with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma causing spinal cord compression, three of which were biopsy proven and two were in patients with known diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. The radiographic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) features are highlighted. Although the occurrence of metastatic disease in hepatocellular carcinoma is exceedingly rare, it may be increasingly encountered as survival of patients is improved with advancing methods of therapy, both surgical and palliative. It often accompanies local recurrence, and invariably signals a grave prognosis with extremely short life expectancy. Unusually, two of the five patients in this series presented initially with skeletal metastases which led to the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. AD - Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Organ Imaging, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. SO - Clin Radiol 1997 Oct;52(10):755-760 UI - 97438897 PM - 9293364 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Tripp HF AU - Robicsek F AU - Thomason M AU - Thubrikar M TI - Transected thoracic aorta: age-specific differences in incidence and possible reasons. MH - Accidents, Traffic/MORTALITY MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - Aged MH - Aged, 80 and over MH - Aorta, Thoracic/SURGERY/*INJURIES MH - Aortic Rupture/*SURGERY/MORTALITY/ETIOLOGY MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Human MH - Incidence MH - Infant MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - North Carolina/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Registries/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA MH - Risk Factors MH - Sex Factors MH - Survival Analysis MH - Thoracic Injuries/*SURGERY/MORTALITY/ETIOLOGY MH - Wounds, Nonpenetrating/*SURGERY/MORTALITY/ETIOLOGY DP - 1997 Jun TA - Cardiovasc Surg IS - 0967-2109 JC - B39 PG - 291-294 IP - 3 VI - 5 AB - The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of aortic transaction in relation to age, and to examine possible reasons for the observed differences. Data from the North Carolina Medical Database over a 7-year period were examined for the total number of motor vehicle accident victims and for the subset with aortic rupture, based on age at presentation. Data were then divided into 10-year intervals and the differences analyzed using chi-square analysis. Differences among various age groups were statistically significant (P = 0.0001). The highest rate was in the 21-30-year-old age group and average incidence for all ages was 0.7%. High incidence of aortic transaction in the 21-30-year-old group may be due to an increase in high-risk behaviors in such persons, to an improved survival compared with other age ranges, or to an inherent susceptibility of the aorta at this stage of life. These data have important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of aortic transaction and should be taken into account when developing practice guidelines for its management. AD - Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Carolinas Heart Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, North Carolina, USA. SO - Cardiovasc Surg 1997 Jun;5(3):291-294 UI - 97430226 PM - 9377289 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Martinez Perez-Balsa A AU - Marti-Masso JF AU - Carrera N AU - Urtasun M TI - Clinical variability of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts. MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Amnesia/ETIOLOGY MH - Ataxia/ETIOLOGY MH - Basal Ganglia Diseases/ETIOLOGY MH - Case Report MH - Cerebellum/PATHOLOGY MH - *Cerebral Infarction/PATHOLOGY/COMPLICATIONS MH - Consciousness Disorders/ETIOLOGY MH - Dysarthria/ETIOLOGY MH - English Abstract MH - Female MH - Human MH - Magnetic Resonance Imaging MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Ocular Motility Disorders/ETIOLOGY MH - Thalamus/PATHOLOGY/*BLOOD SUPPLY DP - 1997 Sep TA - Rev Neurol IS - 0210-0010 JC - CG9 PG - 1353-1362 IP - 145 VI - 25 AB - INTRODUCTION: Thalamic infarcts in paramedian artery territory are seen fairly frequently owing to certain peculiarities of the vascularization of the thalamus. However, clinical diagnosis is usually difficult because of the many varieties and peculiarities of the symptomatology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a review of twelve cases of bilateral paramedian infarcts of the thalamus seen in our Department of Neurology and in a private surgery. We analyze the symptoms and their relationship to the neuro-radiological findings. Finally we compare our observations with the descriptions published by other authors and seek and anatomo-functional relationship for each of the symptoms and signs observed. RESULTS: The usual clinical outline in our patients included disorders of consciousness, different types of oculomotor disorders and cerebellar symptoms, mainly of gait. Other less common findings were memory disorders and abnormal movements. In no case were there sensory changes and pyramidal signs were rare in the absence of significant extra-thalamic lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings, although generally comparable to those described in the literature consulted, were somewhat different with regard to cerebellar symptoms and the absence of sensory and pyramidal signs. We also emphasize the marked differences seen between the individual patients in our series. A good knowledge of the possible clinical variants of these lesions is necessary for a correct initial diagnostic approach in the study of these patients. AD - Servicio de Neurologia, Hospital Ntra. Sra. de Aranzazu, San Sebastian, Guipuzcoa, Espana. SO - Rev Neurol 1997 Sep;25(145):1353-1362 UI - 98026111 PM - 9379299 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ivanov VA AU - Navone GT AU - Martorelli SR TI - Ascarophis marina n. comb. (Nematoda: cystidicolidae) from the fishes Parona signata (Carangidae) and Urophycis brasiliensis (Gadidae) in the southwestern Atlantic. MH - Animal MH - Female MH - Fish Diseases/*PARASITOLOGY MH - Fishes MH - Male MH - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning MH - Nematoda/ULTRASTRUCTURE/*CLASSIFICATION/ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY MH - Nematode Infections/*VETERINARY/PARASITOLOGY DP - 1997 Oct TA - J Parasitol IS - 0022-3395 JC - JL3 PG - 917-921 IP - 5 VI - 83 AB - The taxonomic position of Cystidicola marina Szidat, 1961 is revised, based on the re-examination of type and new specimens collected from the type host, Urophycis brasiliensis (Gadidae), and a new host, Parona signata (Carangidae), in the southwestern Atlantic. The species is redescribed and transferred to Ascarophis as A. marina n. comb. It is distinguished from other species of Ascarophis by the following combination of characters: body length (male: 10.2-22.5 mm, female: 32.8-44.2 mm), number of egg filaments (2 on each pole), egg size (0.030-0.039 mm x 0.015-0.021 mm), and left spicule length (0.4-0.6 mm). AD - Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. SO - J Parasitol 1997 Oct;83(5):917-921 UI - 97460300 PM - 9314714 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Druss BG AU - Rosenheck RA TI - Use of medical services by veterans with mental disorders. MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Ambulatory Care/UTILIZATION MH - Community Mental Health Services/*UTILIZATION MH - Comorbidity MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Female MH - Health Services Accessibility/*STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA MH - Human MH - Incidence MH - Male MH - Mental Disorders/PSYCHOLOGY/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS MH - Middle Age MH - Patient Discharge/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - United States MH - Veterans/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA/*PSYCHOLOGY DP - 1997 Sep TA - Psychosomatics IS - 0033-3182 JC - QH4 PG - 451-458 IP - 5 VI - 38 AB - This study examined timeliness, access, and intensity of outpatient medical service use in a national sample of veterans with comorbid medical disorders discharged from Veterans Affairs (VA) psychiatric units (N = 44,533). The factors that predicted decreased use of medical services included diagnosis of schizophrenia, posttraumatic stress disorder, and substance abuse. The factors associated with increased use of medical services included proximity to a VA outpatient clinic, receipt of VA compensation payments, discharge from a facility with greater resources devoted to medical-surgical care, and prompt outpatient mental health follow-up. Better integration of medical and psychiatric services may help improve access to medical care for the severely mentally ill. AD - Northeast Program Evaluation Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, Connecticut, USA. SO - Psychosomatics 1997 Sep;38(5):451-458 UI - 97439086 PM - 9293538 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Tajima Y AU - Utsumi N AU - Suzuki S AU - Fujita K AU - Takahashi H TI - Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma arising de novo in the maxilla. MH - Adolescence MH - Biopsy MH - Case Report MH - Fatal Outcome MH - Human MH - Male MH - Maxilla/PATHOLOGY MH - Maxillary Neoplasms/*PATHOLOGY MH - Odontogenic Tumors/*PATHOLOGY DP - 1997 Aug TA - Pathol Int IS - 1320-5463 JC - BXQ PG - 564-568 IP - 8 VI - 47 AB - An ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS) arising in the maxilla of a 14-year- old male is described. The tumor originated from the alveolar bone of the right maxilla with no apparent history of pre-existing lesion. Histologically, the lesion was composed of benign-appearing epithelial islands and strands scattered within an exceedingly cellular mass of mesenchymal tissue comprising a large number of stellate-and spindle- shaped fibroblast-like cells with marked pleomorphism. Occasional cementum-like calcification was also noted. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic mesenchymal cells were positive only for vimentin, whereas the ameloblast-like epithelial component showed a distinctly positive reaction for wide-spectrum keratin and squamous cytokeratin. Clinicopathological features of the current case, as well as previously reported examples of AFS originating from the maxilla, are briefly discussed. AD - Department of Oral Pathology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan. SO - Pathol Int 1997 Aug;47(8):564-568 UI - 98004169 PM - 9346183 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Nielsen GP AU - O'Connell JX AU - Dickersin GR AU - Rosenberg AE TI - Solitary fibrous tumor of soft tissue: a report of 15 cases, including 5 malignant examples with light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural data. MH - Abdominal Muscles/PATHOLOGY MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Buttocks/PATHOLOGY MH - Case Report MH - Cell Nucleus/ULTRASTRUCTURE MH - Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough/ULTRASTRUCTURE MH - Extremities/PATHOLOGY MH - Female MH - Fibroma/ULTRASTRUCTURE/*PATHOLOGY/CHEMISTRY MH - Head and Neck Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY MH - Human MH - Immunohistochemistry MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY MH - Soft Tissue Neoplasms/ULTRASTRUCTURE/*PATHOLOGY/CHEMISTRY MH - Tumor Markers, Biological/ANALYSIS MH - Vulvar Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY RN - 0 (Tumor Markers, Biological) DP - 1997 Oct TA - Mod Pathol IS - 0893-3952 JC - PTH PG - 1028-1037 IP - 10 VI - 10 AB - We describe 15 soft tissue solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) occurring in patients 24 to 78 years old (average, 50.6 yr). Ten tumors were benign and arose in the head and neck area (three tumors), thigh (two), vulva (two), upper arm (one), lower leg (one), and retroperitoneum (one). Five tumors were histologically malignant and arose in the thigh (two), abdominal wall (one), buttock (one), and retroperitoneum (one). All of the tumors were grossly well circumscribed. The benign tumors measured from 2 to 10 cm (average, 4.8 cm) and the malignant ones from 3 to 5.5 cm (average, 4.3 cm) in greatest diameter. Microscopically, the benign tumors showed areas of hypercellularity with variable amounts of collagenous and myxoid stroma; one had amianthoid fibers. The malignant tumors were composed of cytologically atypical cells enmeshed in a collagenous or myxoid extracellular matrix. Ultrastructural study of three benign and three malignant tumors showed fibroblastic differentiation; one benign tumor showed myofibroblastic differentiation. Immunohistochemically, all of the tumors examined were immunoreactive for vimentin, and seven of nine were positive for CD34, including all of the malignant ones. There was focal staining for muscle actin in two benign tumors and for Leu-7 in one benign tumor; there was no staining for cytokeratin, desmin, S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, or smooth muscle actin in any of the examined tissues. Follow-up was available for eight patients for 6 to 21 months (average, 12 mo). No tumor recurred locally or metastasized. The SFTs reported herein support the experiences of others who recently described these tumors in the somatic soft tissues. In addition, our series highlights the occurrence of malignant SFTs in the soft tissues. SFTs should be separated from other spindle cell sarcomas, with which they can be confused. AD - The James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA. SO - Mod Pathol 1997 Oct;10(10):1028-1037 UI - 97467780 PM - 9325071 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Fujiwara T AU - Kobayashi T AU - Takaya J AU - Taniuchi S AU - Kobayashi Y TI - Plasma effects on phagocytic activity and hydrogen peroxide production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in neonates. MH - Adult MH - Age Factors MH - *Blood Bactericidal Activity MH - Fetal Blood/*METABOLISM/*IMMUNOLOGY/CYTOLOGY MH - Human MH - Hydrogen Peroxide/*BLOOD MH - In Vitro MH - Infant, Newborn MH - Infant, Premature MH - Neutrophils/*METABOLISM/*IMMUNOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS MH - *Phagocytosis MH - Plasma/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/PHARMACOLOGY RN - 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide) RN - 16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate) DP - 1997 Oct TA - Clin Immunol Immunopathol IS - 0090-1229 JC - DEA PG - 67-72 IP - 1 VI - 85 AB - To elucidate the defense mechanism in neonates against bacterial infections, phagocytic activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in the whole blood and the effects of plasma on these functions were investigated on 44 healthy mature neonates (term 37 to 41 weeks) and 15 premature neonates (term 30 to 36 weeks) using two color flow cytometric analysis. The results were compared to those of a healthy adult control group (n = 10). PMN phagocytic activity was low in both mature and premature neonates. H2O2 production of PMN with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation and following phagocytosis was augmented in both mature and premature neonates. When plasma and PMNs of adults and neonates were separated and combined differently, phagocytic activity and H2O2 production of PMNs appeared to be principally regulated by the plasma employed. This finding indicates that plasma has major effects on both phagocytosis and H2O2 production by PMNs of newborn neonates. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan. SO - Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1997 Oct;85(1):67-72 UI - 98018414 PM - 9379259 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Murthy G AU - Kahan NJ AU - Hargens AR AU - Rempel DM TI - Forearm muscle oxygenation decreases with low levels of voluntary contraction. MH - Adult MH - Exertion/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Female MH - Forearm MH - Human MH - Human Engineering MH - Male MH - Muscle Contraction/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Muscle Fatigue/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Muscle, Skeletal/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Oxygen Consumption/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MH - Volition/PHYSIOLOGY DP - 1997 Jul TA - J Orthop Res IS - 0736-0266 JC - JIQ PG - 507-511 IP - 4 VI - 15 AB - The purpose of our investigation was to determine if the near infrared spectroscopy technique was sensitive to changes in tissue oxygenation at low levels of isometric contraction in the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle. Nine subjects were seated with the right arm abducted to 45 degrees, elbow flexed to 85 degrees, forearm pronated 45 degrees, and wrist and forearm supported on an armrest throughout the protocol. Altered tissue oxygenation was measured noninvasively with near infrared spectroscopy. The near infrared spectroscopy probe was placed over the extensor carpi radialis brevis of the subject's right forearm and secured with an elastic wrap. After 1 minute of baseline measurements taken with the muscle relaxed, four different loads were applied just proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joint such that the subjects isometrically contracted the extensor carpi radialis brevis at 5, 10, 15, and 50% of the maximum voluntary contraction for 1 minute each. A 3-minute recovery period followed each level of contraction. At the end of the protocol, with the probe still in place, a value for ischemic tissue oxygenation was obtained for each subject. This value was considered the physiological zero and hence 0% tissue oxygenation. Mean tissue oxygenation (+/-SE) decreased from resting baseline (100% tissue oxygenation) to 89 +/- 4, 81 +/- 8, 78 +/- 8, and 47 +/- 8% at 5, 10, 15, and 50% of the maximum voluntary contraction, respectively. Tissue oxygenation levels at 10, 15, and 50% of the maximum voluntary contraction were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the baseline value. Our results indicate that tissue oxygenation significantly decreases during brief, low levels of static muscle contraction and that near infrared spectroscopy is a sensitive technique for detecting deoxygenation noninvasively at low levels of forearm muscle contraction. Our findings have important implications in occupational medicine because oxygen depletion induced by low levels of muscle contraction may be directly linked to muscle fatigue. AD - Ergonomics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA. SO - J Orthop Res 1997 Jul;15(4):507-511 UI - 97239726 PM - 9085387 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE TI - Educational and informational strategies to reduce pesticide risks. Council on Scientific Affairs. MH - Certification/STANDARDS MH - Environmental Exposure/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/LEGISLATION & JURISPRUDENCE/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - *Environmental Health/STANDARDS/LEGISLATION & JURISPRUDENCE MH - Government Agencies/STANDARDS/LEGISLATION & JURISPRUDENCE MH - Human MH - Pest Control/STANDARDS MH - Pesticides/*ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Sentinel Surveillance MH - United States RN - 0 (Pesticides) DP - 1997 Mar TA - Prev Med IS - 0091-7435 JC - PM4 PG - 191-200 IP - 2 VI - 26 AB - BACKGROUND: In 1993, the American Medical Association (AMA) requested its Council on Scientific Affairs to investigate issues and concerns related to (1) improving public notification of pesticide applications and (2) improving educational programs for commercial and farm pesticide applicators and increasing enforcement of licensing examination requirements. This report was presented at the 1994 Interim Meeting of the AMA House of Delegates as Report 4 of the Council on Scientific Affairs. METHODS: Information for the report was derived from published literature and from personal communications with state and federal regulatory officials, physicians, and representatives of pest control, lawn care, and farm organizations. Some information about state certification and training programs was obtained from telephone conversations with pesticide applicator training program coordinators from California, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin. These states were selected because they contain large agricultural or urban populations that are likely to require the services of trained professional pesticide applicators. RESULTS: Current surveillance systems are inadequate to characterize potential exposure problems related either to pesticide usage or to pesticide related illnesses. The effectiveness of applicator certification and training programs and public notification programs could not be determined because of a lack of federal and state survey data for making useful assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Considering current data gaps, it is prudent for homeowners, farmers, and workers to limit pesticide exposures to themselves and others. SO - Prev Med 1997 Mar;26(2):191-200 UI - 98015839 PM - 9376959 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Hamlin JA AU - Petersen B AU - Keller FS AU - Rosch J TI - Angiographic evaluation and management of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. MH - Adult MH - Angiography/*METHODS MH - Case Report MH - Diagnosis, Differential MH - Esophageal and Gastric Varices/THERAPY/RADIOGRAPHY MH - Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/THERAPY/*RADIOGRAPHY MH - Human MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage/THERAPY/RADIOGRAPHY MH - Postoperative Hemorrhage/RADIOGRAPHY MH - Sensitivity and Specificity DP - 1997 Oct TA - Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am IS - 1052-5157 JC - B07 PG - 703-716 IP - 4 VI - 7 AB - Endoscopy is the primary diagnostic and therapeutic tool used in the evaluation and treatment of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. When endoscopy is unsuccessful in identifying or controlling GI hemorrhage, however, arteriography is useful in both the evaluation and treatment of upper GI hemorrhage. AD - Dotter Interventional Institution, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201, USA. SO - Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 1997 Oct;7(4):703-716 UI - 97468079 PM - 9327223 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Straus DJ TI - HIV-associated lymphomas. MH - Central Nervous System Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY MH - Human MH - Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/THERAPY/*PATHOLOGY MH - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/PATHOLOGY DP - 1997 Sep TA - Curr Opin Oncol IS - 1040-8746 JC - A1V PG - 450-454 IP - 5 VI - 9 AB - Intermediate and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) with a B-cell phenotype are AIDS-defining illnesses. The incidence of systemic NHL increased greatly and primary central nervous system NHL increased even more in the HIV-infected population. Further increases in frequency are anticipated as HIV-infected individuals survive longer in an immunosuppressed state with improved antiretroviral treatment and treatment of opportunistic infections. Unusual types of NHL and manifestations of Hodgkin's disease are seen in HIV-infected individuals also. The pathologic and clinical features of the HIV- associated lymphomas and treatment approaches and results are the subjects of this review. Other articles in this issue discuss epidemiology and pathogenesis. AD - Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA. SO - Curr Opin Oncol 1997 Sep;9(5):450-454 UI - 97479814 PM - 9339895 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Bang IS AU - Son SY AU - Yoe SM TI - Hinnavin I, an antibacterial peptide from cabbage butterfly, Artogeia rapae. MH - Amino Acid Sequence MH - Amino Acids/ANALYSIS MH - Animal MH - Anti-Infective Agents/PHARMACOLOGY/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/*CHEMISTRY MH - Butterflies/*CHEMISTRY MH - Drug Synergism MH - Escherichia coli/GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Growth Inhibitors/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Hemolymph/CHEMISTRY MH - Insect Proteins/PHARMACOLOGY/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/*CHEMISTRY MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Molecular Weight MH - Muramidase/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Peptides/PHARMACOLOGY/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/*CHEMISTRY MH - Sequence Analysis MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Peptides) RN - 0 (Insect Proteins) RN - 0 (Growth Inhibitors) RN - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents) RN - 0 (Amino Acids) RN - 0 (hinnavin I) RN - EC 3.2.1.17 (Muramidase) DP - 1997 Aug 31 TA - Mol Cells IS - 1016-8478 JC - CRQ PG - 509-513 IP - 4 VI - 7 AB - We have previously isolated four antibacterial peptides from the immune haemolymph of the fifth instar larvae of cabbage butterfly, Artogeia rapae [Yoe, S. M., Bang, I. S., Kang, C. S., and Kim, H. J. (1996) Mol. Cells 6, 609-614]. They were induced by live, nonpathogenic gram negative bacteria. One of these novel antibacterial peptides was named hinnavin I. Hinnavin I is heat stable; its activity was retained after 60 min incubation at 100 degrees C, being effective against gram negative and/or gram positive bacteria. Hinnavin I and lysozyme II showed a powerful synergistic effect on the inhibition of bacterial growth. Amino acid composition was analyzed and the molecular weight was determined to be 4,139.94+/-10.91 Da by the ESI mass spectrometer. To elucidate the primary structure of hinnavin I, the amino acid sequence of this peptide was determined by N-terminal sequencing techniques. The amino-terminal half of the molecule was rich in charged amino acids and was hydrophilic, whereas the carboxyl-terminal half was hydrophobic. AD - Department of Biological Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea. SO - Mol Cells 1997 Aug 31;7(4):509-513 UI - 97453080 PM - 9307842 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Kyrtopoulos SA AU - Anderson LM AU - Chhabra SK AU - Souliotis VL AU - Pletsa V AU - Valavanis C AU - Georgiadis P TI - DNA adducts and the mechanism of carcinogenesis and cytotoxicity of methylating agents of environmental and clinical significance. MH - Animal MH - Antineoplastic Agents/METABOLISM/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Carcinogens/TOXICITY/*METABOLISM MH - Carcinogens, Environmental/TOXICITY/METABOLISM MH - Dimethylnitrosamine/TOXICITY/METABOLISM MH - DNA Adducts/*METABOLISM MH - DNA Damage MH - *DNA Methylation MH - Erythrocebus patas MH - Ethanol/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Female MH - Guanine/TOXICITY/METABOLISM/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES MH - Human MH - Leukocytes/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Liver/METABOLISM MH - Mice MH - Mice, Transgenic MH - Neoplasms/DRUG THERAPY/CHEMICALLY INDUCED MH - Nitroso Compounds/TOXICITY/METABOLISM MH - Procarbazine/TOXICITY/METABOLISM MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 73-40-5 (Guanine) RN - 671-16-9 (Procarbazine) RN - 64-17-5 (Ethanol) RN - 62-75-9 (Dimethylnitrosamine) RN - 20535-83-5 (O-(6)-methylguanine) RN - 138-89-6 (4-nitrosodimethylaniline) RN - 0 (Nitroso Compounds) RN - 0 (DNA Adducts) RN - 0 (Carcinogens, Environmental) RN - 0 (Carcinogens) RN - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents) DP - 1997 TA - Cancer Detect Prev IS - 0361-090X JC - CNZ PG - 391-405 IP - 5 VI - 21 AB - DNA adducts are covalent complexes formed between genotoxic carcinogens and DNA bases, and constitute a critical early intermediate on the pathway of chemical carcinogenesis. Their accumulation in different tissues reflects the amount of activated carcinogen reaching DNA, and can therefore serve as an index of the biologically relevant dose reaching the target tissues or cells. Methylating agents are of interest in view of their occurrence in the environment and their use as cytotoxic drugs in cancer chemotherapy. Current evidence indicates that O6-methylguanine plays a particularly important role in the mutagenic, carcinogenic, and cytotoxic activities of methylating agents. O6-Methylguanine is repaired efficiently by the enzyme O6- alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). Lack of this enzyme results in excessive accumulation of O6-methylguanine and recent evidence suggests that significant quantitative effects on adduct accumulation may be linked to conditions of very low AGT levels. This would be important from the point of view of clinical practice, since modulation of AGT is under investigation as a means of enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of clinical agents acting via the production of O6-methylguanine and related adducts, such as, for example, procarbazine, dacarbazine, and some nitrosoureas. The measurement of O6-methylguanine in human DNA has been employed as a tool to investigate the role of environmental methylating agents in human carcinogenesis. While the nature and origin of the methylating agents responsible for these adducts is currently unknown, recent studies in patas monkeys have shown that N- nitrosodimethylamine, a methylating carcinogen to which human exposure is well documented, is capable of efficiently generating O6- methylguanine in most tissues, including fetal tissues. Furthermore, it has been found that this damage is substantially enhanced by the coadministration of ethyl alcohol which acts by inhibiting the liver first-pass metabolism of the carcinogen, an observation which supports the hypothesis that alcohol consumption may act as a risk factor in human carcinogenesis by augmenting the action of nitrosamines. AD - National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece. SO - Cancer Detect Prev 1997 ;21(5):391-405 UI - 98006503 PM - 9385099 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Williams RL TI - Product-limit survival functions with correlated survival times. MH - Angina Pectoris MH - Animal MH - Avoidance Learning MH - Exercise Test MH - Female MH - Human MH - Life Tables MH - Linear Models MH - Male MH - Rodentia MH - *Survival Analysis DP - 1995 TA - Lifetime Data Anal IS - 1380-7870 JC - CRT PG - 171-186 IP - 2 VI - 1 AB - A simple variance estimator for product-limit survival functions is demonstrated for survival times with nested errors. Such data arise whenever survival times are observed within clusters of related observations. Greenwood's formula, which assumes independent observations, is not appropriate in this situation. A robust variance estimator is developed using Taylor series linearized values and the between-cluster variance estimator commonly used in multi-stage sample surveys. A simulation study shows that the between-cluster variance estimator is approximately unbiased and yields confidence intervals that maintain the nominal level for several patterns of correlated survival times. The simulation study also shows that Greenwood's formula underestimates the variance when the survival times are positively correlated within a cluster and yields confidence intervals that are too narrow. Extension to life table methods is also discussed. AD - Research Triangle Institute, NC 27709-2194, USA. willy@rti.org SO - Lifetime Data Anal 1995 ;1(2):171-186 UI - 98011014 PM - 9350074 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Petroni D AU - Saglio G TI - Minimal residual disease in B-lymphoproliferative disorders by PCR detection of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene recombination. MH - Base Sequence MH - Blotting, Southern MH - DNA, Neoplasm/ANALYSIS MH - Gene Rearrangement MH - Human MH - Immunoglobulins, Heavy-Chain/*GENETICS MH - Leukemia, B-Cell, Chronic/IMMUNOLOGY/*GENETICS MH - Leukemia, Hairy Cell/IMMUNOLOGY/*GENETICS MH - Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute/IMMUNOLOGY/*GENETICS MH - Molecular Sequence Data MH - Neoplasm, Residual/IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS/*DIAGNOSIS MH - *Polymerase Chain Reaction MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 0 (Immunoglobulins, Heavy-Chain) RN - 0 (DNA, Neoplasm) DP - 1997 Oct TA - Scand J Clin Lab Invest IS - 0036-5513 JC - UCP PG - 541-547 IP - 6 VI - 57 AB - We amplified and sequenced the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain VDJ genomic unit in B-leukemias and used it as a clone-specific marker for the molecular monitoring of the patients during and after therapeutic treatment. The method described is patient-specific rather than disorder-specific, more sensitive and less time-consuming than other conventional techniques for the detection of minimal residual disease. We propose reproducible and quick procedures, from DNA extraction to Southern blotting, that can be easily performed in any clinical laboratory and also applied to other kinds of investigation. AD - Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Universita di Torino, Ospedale San Luigi Gonzaga, Turin, Italy. SO - Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1997 Oct;57(6):541-547 UI - 98001817 PM - 9342465 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Gramellini D AU - Piantelli G AU - Di Marino O AU - Avanzini A AU - Vadora E TI - Amniotic fluid index variations after amniocentesis, amnioinfusion and amnioreduction: preliminary data. MH - *Amniocentesis MH - Amniotic Fluid/ULTRASONOGRAPHY/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Female MH - Human MH - Oligohydramnios/*THERAPY MH - Polyhydramnios/*THERAPY MH - Pregnancy MH - Reference Values MH - Regression Analysis DP - 1997 TA - Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol IS - 0390-6663 JC - DB1 PG - 70-73 IP - 2 VI - 24 AB - We studied the relationship between the ultrasonographically measurable variations in the amniotic fluid index (AFI) and actual changes in the amniotic fluid volume induced by three differing invasive procedures: genetic amniocentesis, amnioinfusion and amnioreduction. We examined 50 patients, all between the 15th and 34th weeks of pregnancy, subdivided into three groups. The first group consisted of 33 women who underwent genetic amniocentesis, the second was of 11 patients submitted to amnioinfusion for oligohydramnios (AFI < 5 cm), and the third was composed of 6 patients affected by hydramnios (AFI > 20 cm) and treated with amnioreduction. In all cases AFI was measured before and after the invasive procedures and their variations (delta AFI) were correlated to the actual quantities of liquid infused or extracted. All the procedures gave rise to statistically significant AFI changes. After genetic amniocentesis, the mean change was from 12.0 to 10.9 cm (p < 0.005), after amnioinfusion from 3.1 to 10.6 cm (p < 0.0001) and after amnioreduction from 33.1 to 22.0 cm. (p < 0.005). However, a significant linear correlation between delta AFI and the fluid volume variations actually induced was found for amnioinfusion (y = 0.236537 + 0.031465x; R2 = 44.4%; p < 0.05) and for amnioreduction (y = -0.0584294 + 0.012008x; R2 = 89.8%. p < 0.00001). Only for amnioreduction is it possible, as proved by a multiple regression analysis, to improve the predictability of delta AFI, taking into consideration together with the quantity of fluid aspirated, the value of the preprocedure AFI (R2 = 92%; p < 0.05). AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Parma, Italy. SO - Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 1997 ;24(2):70-73 UI - 97449692 PM - 9304708 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Brenner MK TI - Applications of gene transfer in hematologic malignancy. MH - Drug Resistance, Neoplasm MH - *Gene Therapy MH - *Gene Transfer MH - Hematologic Neoplasms/*THERAPY/IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Hematopoietic Stem Cells MH - Human MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/IMMUNOLOGY DP - 1998 TA - Recent Results Cancer Res IS - 0080-0015 JC - R1Y PG - 60-69 VI - 144 AB - Although gene transfer was originally conceived as a means to replace or correct defective genes in patients with inherited disorders, the process has shown broad potential for intervention in hematologic malignancy and for study of hematopoietic stem cell biology. Gene transfer strategies now under investigation for these applications include 1) repair of one or more genetic defects associated with the malignant process, 2) delivery of a prodrug-metabolizing enzyme that causes tumor cells to become sensitive to the corresponding anticancer drug, 3) modification of immune responses to the cancer, and 4) introduction of drug resistance genes to increase the therapeutic index of cytotoxic agents. Finally, by marking normal or malignant cells with readily detectable genes, one can monitor the efficacy of therapy or study the dynamics of stem cell behavior in vivo. At present these applications are limited by the quality of vectors, but as transduction efficiencies and gene regulatory mechanisms improve, gene transfer can be expected to evolve into a major therapeutic modality in its own right. AD - Cell and Gene Therapy Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA. SO - Recent Results Cancer Res 1998 ;144:60-69 UI - 98032057 PM - 9365353 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Calmels PM AU - Nellen M AU - van der Borne I AU - Jourdin P AU - Minaire P TI - Concentric and eccentric isokinetic assessment of flexor-extensor torque ratios at the hip, knee, and ankle in a sample population of healthy subjects. MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Analysis of Variance MH - Ankle Joint/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Biomechanics MH - Exercise Test MH - Female MH - Hip Joint/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Human MH - Knee Joint/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Muscle Contraction/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Physical Medicine/METHODS MH - Posture/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Range of Motion, Articular/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Reference Values MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Tensile Strength/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Torque DP - 1997 Nov TA - Arch Phys Med Rehabil IS - 0003-9993 JC - 8BK PG - 1224-1230 IP - 11 VI - 78 AB - OBJECTIVE: To establish the relationship between the flexor/extensor torque ratios in the hip, knee, and ankle. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Laboratory of a university rehabilitation department. PARTICIPANTS: From a group of 158 healthy volunteers, 138 subjects completed all the tests in concentric mode, and 65 in eccentric mode. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The flexor/extensor torque ratios of the hip, knee, and ankle were analyzed by means of isokinetic concentric and eccentric tests. Analysis of variance was carried out to compare the mean values of the ratios obtained between the male and female populations and between the right and left sides, and correlation analysis between the values of the joints. RESULTS: The flexor/extensor torque ratios differed significantly according to sex and angular velocities, but not according to side except for the ankle. No significant relationship was found between the flexor/extensor torque ratios in the hip, knee, and ankle joints. CONCLUSIONS: The flexor- extensor torque ratio of the knee and hip can be used as a reference point during rehabilitation of the contralateral side. Our results demonstrating the absence of correlation between the flexor/extensor torque ratio in each joint of the same limb, however, call for further longitudinal studies to be made under specific circumstances, such as training or immobilization of one joint, to follow the course of agonist/antagonist ratios and the synergistic activity between the joints. AD - Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lisfranc School of Medicine, Saint-Etienne University, France. SO - Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 Nov;78(11):1224-1230 UI - 97468063 PM - 9327207 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Brenner RM AU - Chertow GM TI - The rise and fall of atrial natriuretic peptide for acute renal failure. MH - Atrial Natriuretic Factor/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Clinical Trials MH - Human MH - Kidney Failure, Acute/*DRUG THERAPY MH - Randomized Controlled Trials RN - 85637-73-6 (Atrial Natriuretic Factor) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens IS - 1062-4821 JC - B4H PG - 474-476 IP - 5 VI - 6 AB - Atrial natriuretic peptide can increase glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction and can promote natriuresis, effects that would logically seem to improve renal function after acute tubular necrosis from ischemic or toxic injury. Early human trials suggested a beneficial effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on creatinine clearance, and a reduction in the need for dialysis in treated patients. However, randomized, placebo-controlled trials have failed to show a clinically relevant benefit on survival, dialysis-free survival, or renal function in patients treated with this agent. AD - Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. SO - Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1997 Sep;6(5):474-476 UI - 97464247 PM - 9324068 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Zagon IS AU - Hurst WJ AU - McLaughlin PJ TI - Transplacental transfer of naltrexone in rats. MH - Animal MH - Brain/METABOLISM/EMBRYOLOGY MH - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MH - Female MH - Heart/EMBRYOLOGY MH - Kinetics MH - Liver/METABOLISM/EMBRYOLOGY MH - Male MH - *Maternal-Fetal Exchange MH - Myocardium/METABOLISM MH - Naltrexone/*PHARMACOKINETICS MH - Narcotic Antagonists/*PHARMACOKINETICS MH - Placenta/*METABOLISM MH - Pregnancy MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 16590-41-3 (Naltrexone) RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists) DP - 1997 TA - Life Sci IS - 0024-3205 JC - L62 PG - 1261-1267 IP - 13 VI - 61 AB - Extracts of fetal (20 days gestation) brain, heart, and liver were evaluated for naltrexone in rats 1 hour following maternal injection of 50 mg/kg opioid antagonist; adult plasma from the pregnant rats was analyzed. Samples were prepared by ultrafiltration, lyophilized, reconstituted in mobile phase, and separated by reversed phase high- performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. This qualitative analysis revealed the presence of naltrexone in all fetal tissues, as well as in adult plasma. These results indicate naltrexone, maternally administered, passes through the placenta and enters the fetus. The data would suggest that reports concerning somatic and neurobiological acceleration in offspring exposed to naltrexone during gestation may be the result of a direct opioid antagonist action in the fetus. AD - Department of Neuroscience and Anatomy, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, USA. SO - Life Sci 1997 ;61(13):1261-1267 UI - 97464073 PM - 9322764 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Smeltzer MS AU - Gillaspy AF AU - Pratt FL Jr AU - Thames MD AU - Iandolo JJ TI - Prevalence and chromosomal map location of Staphylococcus aureus adhesin genes. MH - Adhesins, Bacterial/*GENETICS MH - Bacterial Proteins/GENETICS MH - Carrier Proteins/GENETICS MH - Chromosome Mapping MH - *Chromosomes, Bacterial MH - Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/METABOLISM/GENETICS MH - Receptors, Cell Surface/GENETICS MH - Staphylococcus aureus/*GENETICS MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 0 (Receptors, Cell Surface) RN - 0 (Fib protein) RN - 0 (Carrier Proteins) RN - 0 (Bacterial Proteins) RN - 0 (Adhesins, Bacterial) RN - 0 (elastin-binding protein) RN - 0 (adhesin, Staphylococcus aureus) RN - EC 3.1.21.4 (Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific) RN - EC 3.1.21.- (endodeoxyribonuclease XmaI) DP - 1997 Sep 1 TA - Gene IS - 0378-1119 JC - FOP PG - 249-259 IP - 1-2 VI - 196 AB - Using genomic DNA from 25 unrelated strains and probes specific for each gene, we assessed the prevalence of the Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) adhesion genes cna, fnbA, fnbB, fib, clfA, fbpA, ebpS and map. All 25 strains encoded fib, clfA, ebpS, map and at least one of the fnb genes. fbpA and coa appeared to be allelic variants of the same gene with the fbpA variant being present in only four of 25 isolates. cna was present in 10 of 25 strains. Using Southern blot analysis of SmaI-digested genomic DNA resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the adhesion genes were mapped to SmaI fragments A (ebpS), B (fib and clfA), C (fnbA/fnbB), E (fbpA), F (map) and G (cna). Despite variations in SmaI restriction profiles, co-localization of adhesin genes with genes known to map to specific SmaI fragments in the Sa 8325-4 chromosome strains suggests that the chromosomal location of each adhesin gene is conserved. AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205, USA. msmeltzer@biomed.uams.edu SO - Gene 1997 Sep 1;196(1-2):249-259 UI - 97379230 PM - 9237552 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - LeVine SM TI - Iron deposits in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease brains. MH - Alzheimer Disease/*PATHOLOGY MH - Brain/*PATHOLOGY MH - Human MH - Iron/*METABOLISM MH - Multiple Sclerosis/*PATHOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. RN - 7439-89-6 (Iron) DP - 1997 Jun 20 TA - Brain Res IS - 0006-8993 JC - B5L PG - 298-303 IP - 1-2 VI - 760 AB - Iron may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases by promoting oxidative damage. The localization of iron in multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains was investigated to further the understanding of its pathogenic role in these disease states. Earlier studies, utilizing a standard Perls' stain, yielded conflicting reports regarding the distribution of iron deposits in MS brains, and a previous study on AD brains utilized a diaminobenzidine (DAB) enhanced version of this stain. In the present study, a modified version of the DAB-enhanced stain was used; it utilizes sodium borohydride, proteinase K, Triton X-100 and xylenes to increase the accessibility of tissue iron to histochemical reagents. This modified method can reveal iron deposits that are missed by the Perls' or DAB- enhanced Perls' stains. In addition to its normal deposition in oligodendrocytes and myelin, iron was detected in reactive microglia, ameboid microglia and macrophages in MS brains. In AD brains, three types of plaques were stained: dense core, clear core and amorphous plaques. Punctate staining was also observed in neurons in the corticies of AD brains. The structure accounting for punctate labeling may be damaged mitochondria, lipofuscin or amyloid deposits. Dense core plaques, clear plaques and punctate labeling were not detected in the previous AD study which utilized only the DAB-enhanced Perls' stain. The labeling of these additional structures illustrates the benefit of the modified method. In summary, the localization of iron deposition in MS and AD brains indicates potential sites where iron could promote oxidative damage in these disease states. AD - Department of Physiology and the Smith Mental Retardation Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160, USA. slevine@kumc.edu SO - Brain Res 1997 Jun 20;760(1-2):298-303 UI - 98005064 PM - 9344613 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Parker J AU - Kaplon MK AU - Alvarez CJ AU - Krishnaswamy G TI - Prostaglandin H synthase expression is variable in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. MH - Adult MH - Aged MH - Aspirin/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Blotting, Southern MH - Caco-2 Cells/*ENZYMOLOGY/CYTOLOGY MH - Cell Adhesion/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Cell Division/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Comparative Study MH - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/PHARMACOLOGY MH - DNA, Neoplasm/ANALYSIS MH - Extracellular Matrix Proteins/METABOLISM MH - Female MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Human MH - HT29 Cells/*ENZYMOLOGY/CYTOLOGY MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - Nitrobenzenes/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase/METABOLISM/*GENETICS MH - Prostaglandins/BIOSYNTHESIS MH - RNA, Messenger/METABOLISM MH - Sulfonamides/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 50-78-2 (Aspirin) RN - 123653-11-2 (NS 398) RN - 0 (Sulfonamides) RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) RN - 0 (Prostaglandins) RN - 0 (Nitrobenzenes) RN - 0 (Extracellular Matrix Proteins) RN - 0 (DNA, Neoplasm) RN - 0 (Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors) RN - EC 1.14.99.1 (Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase) DP - 1997 Oct 10 TA - Exp Cell Res IS - 0014-4827 JC - EPB PG - 321-329 IP - 1 VI - 236 AB - The expression of prostaglandin H synthases can be induced by many stimuli and is likely to be important in control of the cell cycle. The analysis of prostaglandin H synthase-1 and -2 expression in colon adenocarcinoma cell lines is a useful model system for studying the function of the prostaglandin H synthases, especially with regard to proliferation and adhesion. Prostaglandin H synthase-1 protein is not found in any of eight human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Expression of prostaglandin H synthase-2 is variable for the eight cell lines: three constitutively expressed active protein, four did not express this gene at all, and one had mRNA but no active protein. Thus, five colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines exhibit "null" expression of prostaglandin synthase-2. The three cell lines with constitutive expression of prostaglandin H synthase-2 produce PGE2. Prostaglandin E2 production could be inhibited by aspirin and NS398 without inhibiting proliferation, while direct addition of prostaglandin E2 inhibits proliferation. Adhesion to collagen IV and fibronectin was stronger in those cell lines that expressed prostaglandin H synthase-2. The constitutive expression of prostaglandin H synthase-2 is associated with increased adhesion to extracellular matrix components and a potential inhibition of proliferation through the production of prostaglandin E2. The absence of PGH synthase-2 expression in some cell lines may result from the original tumor's need to inactivate these associated functions. Our evidence suggests that PGH synthase-2 is a possible candidate for a tumor suppressor gene at 1q23-qter. AD - Division of Hematology/Oncology, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City 37614-0622, USA. SO - Exp Cell Res 1997 Oct 10;236(1):321-329 UI - 98004997 PM - 9345238 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Panayiotopoulos YP AU - Taylor PR TI - A paper for debate: vein versus PTFE for critical limb ischaemia--an unfair comparison? MH - Blood Vessel Prosthesis MH - *Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation MH - Cohort Studies MH - Comparative Study MH - Graft Occlusion, Vascular/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Human MH - Ischemia/*SURGERY MH - Leg/*BLOOD SUPPLY MH - *Polytetrafluoroethylene MH - Risk Factors MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Vascular Patency MH - Veins/*TRANSPLANTATION RN - 9002-84-0 (Polytetrafluoroethylene) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg IS - 1078-5884 JC - B8N PG - 191-194 IP - 3 VI - 14 AB - INTRODUCTION: There is a widely held view that vein grafts for infrainguinal arterial reconstruction perform much better than prosthetic conduits, the best of which seems to be PTFE. Many randomised studies have been conducted which confirm this opinion, but is the difference as large as it is thought to be? One interesting feature of published trials is that the results for obligatory PTFE (when no vein is available) were much worse than the results for randomised PTFE grafts. The only way to explain this is that these groups of patients were not similar, and there are probably other factors which contribute to the difference in results when vein and PTFE grafts are compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 109 femoro-infrapopliteal grafts undertaken for critical limb ischaemia was analysed to see the difference between vein and PTFE with vein cuff grafts. RESULTS: Vein grafts were superior to PTFE grafts when the whole cohort was included (p = 0.0038); however, there was no significant difference when the patients were stratified for inflow and runoff status. CONCLUSIONS: The difference between vein and PTFE has probably been exaggerated in the past, due to differences in risk factors and in the extent of arterial disease between the two groups of patients. The advantage of vein becomes more significant with time. AD - Department of Surgery, Guy's Hospital, London, U.K. SO - Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1997 Sep;14(3):191-194 UI - 97477585 PM - 9336588 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Berryman MS TI - The ketogenic diet revisited. MH - Diet/*METHODS/ADVERSE EFFECTS MH - Human MH - Ketosis/*ETIOLOGY MH - Seizures/*DIET THERAPY DP - 1997 Oct TA - J Am Diet Assoc IS - 0002-8223 JC - H6F PG - S192-S194 IP - 10 VI - 97 AB - The ketogenic diet is a high-fat diet that maintains the body's starvation mechanism, with exogenous fat provided for metabolism in lieu of stored fat. Mild dehydration is important to prevent dilution of the level of ketones in circulation at any given time. It is not known why or how ketosis affects seizure activity, so the principles behind the therapy have been developed from years of clinical experience and theoretical assumptions. Dietitians are essential providers of ketosis therapy, but the dietitian must work with a physician who understands the theories behind the therapy and is an active member of the ketosis therapy team. AD - Hermann Children's Hospital, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, USA. SO - J Am Diet Assoc 1997 Oct;97(10):S192-S194 UI - 97477563 PM - 9336566 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Hynak-Hankinson MT AU - Martin S AU - Wirth J TI - Research competencies in the dietetics curricula. MH - Clinical Competence MH - *Curriculum MH - Data Collection/METHODS MH - Dietetics/*EDUCATION MH - Human MH - *Research MH - United States DP - 1997 Oct TA - J Am Diet Assoc IS - 0002-8223 JC - H6F PG - S102-S106 IP - 10 VI - 97 AB - Investment in dietetics research has the potential to improve general health; increase work performance and learning capacity; extend disease- free life; reduce birth defects, infections, and chronic diseases; and decrease health care costs. Opportunities exist for research in the areas of solid waste management, global environment, health care reform, and foodservice systems management. Research efforts can focus on cost-effectiveness and medical efficacy of dietary services to improve third-party reimbursement. Educators have a stake in creating the future by conducting research, teaching research to dietetic students, and investigating the effectiveness of education. AD - Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care Systems, East Orange 07108- 1095, USA. SO - J Am Diet Assoc 1997 Oct;97(10):S102-S106 UI - 97464802 PM - 9323515 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ferracci F AU - Conte F AU - Marini B AU - Fassetta G TI - Recurrent external ophthalmoparesis during hormonal therapy after thyroid ablation. Case report. MH - Aged MH - Case Report MH - Combined Modality Therapy MH - Female MH - Graves' Disease/*THERAPY/SURGERY/DRUG THERAPY MH - Human MH - Recurrence MH - Thyroid Gland/*SURGERY MH - Thyroid Hormones/*THERAPEUTIC USE RN - 0 (Thyroid Hormones) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Ital J Neurol Sci IS - 0392-0461 JC - GYX PG - 215-216 IP - 4 VI - 18 AB - We here report the case of a patient who had undergone total thyroid ablation for Graves' disease. After the beginning of oral therapy with 1-thyroxine, she developed a left external ophthalmoparesis that remitted with the discontinuation of the drug and recurred whenever the replacement therapy (1-thyroxine or tri-iodothyronine) was reintroduced. AD - Divisione di Neurologia, Ospedale Civile di Belluno, Italy. SO - Ital J Neurol Sci 1997 Aug;18(4):215-216 UI - 98021518 PM - 9380370 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Lee DY AU - Cotter SA AU - French AL TI - Evaluation of Kojima-Matsubara color vision test plates: validity in young children. MH - Adult MH - Aging/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Child MH - Child, Preschool MH - Color Perception/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Color Perception Tests/*METHODS MH - Color Vision Defects/DIAGNOSIS MH - Comparative Study MH - Evaluation Studies MH - Human MH - Reproducibility of Results MH - Vision Screening/*METHODS DP - 1997 Sep TA - Optom Vis Sci IS - 1040-5488 JC - OIZ PG - 726-731 IP - 9 VI - 74 AB - PURPOSE: We examined a pseudoisochromatic color plate test by Kojima and Matsubara for young children which uses drawings of familiar objects rather than letters or numbers. First, we evaluated the test's efficacy as a color deficiency screener and its validity in classifying the types of color deficiencies by comparing its results with those from the Moreland anomaloscope. Second, we eliminated the chromatic factor and evaluated the functional ability of young children to perform the task by determining how many correct responses were obtained using modified black/white replicas of the test plates. METHODS: Part 1: Twenty color-normal and 13 color-deficient adults were diagnosed and classified with the Ishihara test, Panel D-15 test, and anomaloscope. Subjects were then tested with the Kojima-Matsubara test and result were compared with those from the anomaloscope. Part 2: Fifty children aged 3 to 7 years were tested with modified black/white test plate replicas. The number of correct responses for each plate was determined for five different age groups. RESULTS: Part 1: Among the 20 color-normal subjects, 18 read all 10 plates correctly and 2 subjects missed 1 of the 10. Only 1 of the 13 color-deficient subjects exhibited the expected responses for plates 2 to 6 (used for color deficiency screening). The color-deficient subjects' responses for plates 7 to 10, which are used to classify red-green defects, were varied and only the protanomalous subjects (n = 2) followed the expected response pattern. Part 2: Of the 10 black/white modified plates, only 2 were correctly identified by all 50 children. The other plates had a recognition rate that ranged from 32 to 98%. CONCLUSIONS: Because the response patterns given by most of the color-deficient adult subjects were different from those in the test manual, ambiguous results would occur if the Kojima- Matsubara test were used for color vision screening or the diagnosis of color deficiency. In addition, the difficulty that many of the young children exhibited in identifying the objects in the black/white replica plates suggests that there would be a large number of false positive errors (classifying a color normal as color deficient) when using this test in young children. AD - Illinois College of Optometry, Chicago, USA. SO - Optom Vis Sci 1997 Sep;74(9):726-731 UI - 97472383 PM - 9333208 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Norton NS AU - McConnell JR AU - Rodriguez-Sierra JF TI - Behavioral and physiological sex differences observed in an animal model of fulminant hepatic encephalopathy in the rat. MH - Animal MH - Behavior, Animal/*PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Brain Mapping MH - Female MH - Hepatic Encephalopathy/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/PATHOLOGY/CHEMICALLY INDUCED MH - Hippocampus/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/PATHOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Injections, Intraperitoneal MH - *Liver Function Tests MH - Male MH - Neurons/PHYSIOLOGY/PATHOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Sex Factors MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Thioacetamide RN - 62-55-5 (Thioacetamide) DP - 1997 Nov TA - Physiol Behav IS - 0031-9384 JC - P72 PG - 1113-1124 IP - 5 VI - 62 AB - Hepatic encephalopathy is characterized by a number of neuropsychiatric and motor disturbances observed in patients with liver dysfunction. The purpose of this study is to fully characterize behavioral and physiological sex differences in an animal model of fulminant hepatic encephalopathy (FHE). Male and female rats were administered thioacetamide (600 mg/kg) via i.p. (intraperitoneal) injection at Hours 0 and 24 and allowed to progress into the four stages of FHE. Male rats reached all four stages of FHE significantly earlier than female rats (p < 0.05). The performance of the male rats deteriorated more quickly (p < 0.05) than that of the females in all of the sensory and motor behavioral tests. Sex differences were observed in the liver enzymes of the FHE rats. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in male rats in all four stages of FHE. Significant increases were also observed in the levels of direct and total bilirubin (p < 0.05). Neuronal damage was observed in the CA1 and CA2 regions of the hippocampus. In the CA1 region, male rats displayed greater pathological changes in Stages III and IV (p < 0.05) than female rats. The damage in the CA2 region was only observed in Stage IV male rats. Our data indicate that observable behavioral and physiological sex differences occur in thioacetamide-induced FHE in the rat. AD - Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA. Nsnorton@creighton.edu SO - Physiol Behav 1997 Nov;62(5):1113-1124 UI - 97442663 PM - 9297630 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Laflamme N AU - Barden N AU - Rivest S TI - Corticotropin-releasing factor and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus of immune-challenged transgenic mice expressing type II GR antisense ribonucleic acid. MH - Animal MH - Brain/METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS MH - Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*GENETICS MH - *Gene Expression MH - Human MH - In Situ Hybridization MH - Lipopolysaccharides/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Mice MH - Mice, Transgenic MH - Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/*METABOLISM/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/METABOLISM/GENETICS MH - Rats MH - Receptors, Glucocorticoid/*GENETICS MH - RNA, Antisense/METABOLISM/*BIOSYNTHESIS MH - RNA, Messenger/METABOLISM MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 9015-71-8 (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone) RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) RN - 0 (RNA, Antisense) RN - 0 (Receptors, Glucocorticoid) RN - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos) RN - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides) DP - 1997 Jun TA - J Mol Neurosci IS - 0895-8696 JC - AVM PG - 165-179 IP - 3 VI - 8 AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the immune activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of corticotropin- releasing factor (CRF) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of transgenic mice with impaired GR function caused by endogenous expression of GR antisense RNA. At 3 and 8 wk of age, control and transgenic mice were sacrificed 4.5 h after a single ip administration of LPS (100 micrograms/100 g of body wt) or vehicle. Frozen brains were mounted on a microtome and cut in 20- microns sections. mRNAs encoding CRF and GR were assayed by in situ hybridization histochemistry using 35S-labeled riboprobes, and localization of Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-ir) nuclei was determined by immunocytochemistry. Basal expression of CRF mRNA in the PVN, central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), and geniculate complex (GN) was similar in the control and transgenic mice. LPS induced a comparable neuronal activation in the PVN of control and transgenic mice as revealed by the number of Fos-ir neurons. Moreover, the endotoxin caused a significant increase in the CRF mRNA levels within the PVN and CeA, an effect observed in both animal models. The endotoxin did not notably modulate CRF expression in other regions, such as GN. Although GR mRNA was expressed in the PVN of control mice under basal conditions, this transcript was not detected in this hypothalamic structure in LPS- treated and transgenic animals. This indicated that endogenous Type II GR mRNA is decreased in the PVN of mice expressing Type II GR antisense RNA and that gene is downregulated by LPS. Hybridization signal for CRF and GR transcripts was not notably altered by the age of mice. These results provide evidence that the basal expression of CRF and the increase of neuroendocrine CRF transcription in response to immunogenic challenges are not significantly affected by impairment of the Type II GR function. AD - Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada. SO - J Mol Neurosci 1997 Jun;8(3):165-179 UI - 98017457 PM - 9378611 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Middleton FA AU - Strick PL TI - Cerebellar output channels. MH - Animal MH - Brain Mapping/*METHODS MH - Cerebellum/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Human MH - Magnetic Resonance Imaging MH - Motor Cortex/*PHYSIOLOGY MH - Neural Pathways/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Neurons/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Prefrontal Cortex/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Primates/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DP - 1997 TA - Int Rev Neurobiol IS - 0074-7742 JC - GUJ PG - 61-82 VI - 41 AB - The cerebellum has long been regarded as involved in the control of movement, in part through its connections with the cerebral cortex. These connections were thought to combine inputs from widespread regions of the cerebral cortex and "funnel" them into the motor system at the level of the primary motor cortex. Retrograde transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus type I has recently been used to identify areas of the cerebral cortex that are "directly" influenced by the output of the cerebellum. Results suggest that cerebellar output projects via the thalamus to multiple cortical areas, including premotor and prefrontal cortex, as well as the primary motor cortex. In addition, the projections to different cortical areas appear to originate from distinct regions of the deep cerebellar nuclei. These observations have led to the proposal that cerebellar output is composed of a number of separate "output channels." Evidence from functional imaging studies in humans and single neuron recording studies in monkeys suggests that individual output channels are concerned with different aspects of motor or cognitive behavior. AD - Veterans Administration Medical Center, Syracuse, New York, USA. SO - Int Rev Neurobiol 1997 ;41:61-82 UI - 98009174 PM - 9348568 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Skillings JR TI - 5-FU or UFT combined with leucovorin for previously untreated metastatic colorectal Ca. MH - Adult MH - Antidotes/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Antineoplastic Agents, Combined/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Colorectal Neoplasms/*DRUG THERAPY MH - Comparative Study MH - Drug Therapy, Combination MH - Fluorouracil/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Human MH - Leucovorin/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Tegafur/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE MH - Uracil/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE RN - 74578-38-4 (1-UFT protocol) RN - 66-22-8 (Uracil) RN - 58-05-9 (Leucovorin) RN - 51-21-8 (Fluorouracil) RN - 17902-23-7 (Tegafur) RN - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Combined) RN - 0 (Antidotes) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Oncology (Huntingt) IS - 0890-9091 JC - AVP PG - 48-49 IP - 9 VI - 11 AB - This phase III study compares leucovorin plus fluorouracil (5-FU) 425 mg/m2, days 1 through 5, 28-day cycle, with oral leucovorin plus oral UFT (tegafur and uracil) 300 mg/m2, days 1 through 28, 35-day cycle, in terms of efficacy, safety, quality of life, and pharmacoeconomics. Eligible patients have not been treated previously and have measurable or evaluable metastatic colorectal cancer, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or less, and adequate bone marrow, liver, and renal functions. Patients are evaluated for response clinically and by computed tomography. Responses are determined by World Health Organization criteria. The study is nearing completion, with no toxicity issues requiring protocol modification. The results of this study could lead to a change to oral therapy as the standard of care for metastatic colorectal cancer, providing the efficacy and toxicity of UFT/leucovorin are at least equivalent due to the ease of administration and patient preference for oral regimens. AD - QE II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. SO - Oncology (Huntingt) 1997 Sep;11(9):48-49 UI - 97458364 PM - 9313184 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Lambden MP AU - Bellamy G AU - Ogburn-Russell L AU - Preece CK AU - Moore S AU - Pepin T AU - Croop J AU - Culbert G TI - Women's sense of well-being before and after hysterectomy. MH - Adult MH - Attitude to Health MH - Depression MH - Female MH - *Health Status MH - Human MH - *Hysterectomy/PSYCHOLOGY MH - Middle Age MH - *Patient Satisfaction MH - Prospective Studies MH - Sexuality MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Uterine Diseases/*SURGERY DP - 1997 Sep TA - J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs IS - 0884-2175 JC - JG8 PG - 540-548 IP - 5 VI - 26 AB - OBJECTIVE: To describe women's perceived sense of well-being before and after hysterectomy by examining a broad array of outcomes experienced by women undergoing hysterectomies for benign conditions. DESIGN: Prospective, descriptive. SETTING: A regional tertiary care facility in central Texas. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred seventy-eight women presenting for hysterectomies for nononcologic reasons who completed all three periods of data collection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjects completed a questionnaire assessing information pertinent to their current gynecologic health and the SF-36 Health Survey before surgery and of 4 and 11 months after surgery. The women also completed the Zung Self- Rating Depression Scale preoperatively and at 4 months postoperatively. Additional demographic and medical information was extracted from the medical record. RESULTS: In the initial period after surgery, the patients experienced an improved health status. In addition, the women reported on improvement in their psychologic well-being, including less depression and improved sexual functioning. Relationships with others also improved after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes for these women undergoing hysterectomy for nononcologic reasons were generally positive. This information is vital for preoperative counseling by nurses of women contemplating or about to undergo this surgery. AD - Children's Health Center, Scott and White Clinic, Temple, TX 76508, USA. SO - J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1997 Sep;26(5):540-548 UI - 97443324 PM - 9298185 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Slavikova E AU - Vadkertiova R TI - Seasonal occurrence of yeasts and yeast-like organisms in the river Danube. MH - Aerobiosis MH - Ascomycetes/*ISOLATION & PURIFICATION MH - Bacteriological Techniques MH - Basidiomycetes/*ISOLATION & PURIFICATION MH - Colony Count, Microbial MH - Culture Media/METABOLISM MH - Ecology MH - Environmental Microbiology MH - Fermentation MH - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION MH - Seasons MH - Slovakia MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - *Water Microbiology RN - 0 (Culture Media) DP - 1997 Aug TA - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek IS - 0003-6072 JC - 6JE PG - 77-80 IP - 2 VI - 72 AB - One hundred and seventy yeast strains belonging to 14 genera and 29 species were isolated from 112 water samples of the river Danube in the area of Bratislava. The samples were collected through the year from April to March. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida maltosa, Aureobasidium pullulans, Cystofilobasidium capitatum, Rhodotorula glutinis, Geotrichum candidum, and Candida krusei were the most frequent. The basidiomycetous yeasts and yeast-like organisms with oxidative metabolism were present in approximately equal numbers to those with fermentative metabolism. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the dominant yeast and was isolated from 50% of all samples examined and represented approximately one quarter of the yeast community. Yeast densities ranged from 100 to 21,100 CFU per litre. The highest population density was observed in October. Cryptococcus albidus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Aureobasidium pullulans formed the main part of the yeast population in this month. AD - Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia. SO - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1997 Aug;72(2):77-80 UI - 98003244 PM - 9346625 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Cywes R AU - Harvey PR AU - Packham MA AU - Cameron R AU - Strasberg SM TI - The influence of prostaglandin E1 on platelet adherence and injury in preserved rat liver allografts. MH - Alprostadil/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Animal MH - Liver/PATHOLOGY MH - *Liver Transplantation MH - Male MH - *Organ Preservation MH - Platelet Adhesiveness/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Reperfusion Injury/*PREVENTION & CONTROL MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Transplantation, Homologous RN - 745-65-3 (Alprostadil) DP - 1996 Jan TA - Liver Transpl Surg IS - 1074-3022 JC - CX3 PG - 23-36 IP - 1 VI - 2 AB - We have previously shown that part of the injury sustained by cold- preserved livers on reperfusion is the consequence of platelet adhesion to sinusoidal endothelium. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) can reduce the injury and if so, how to maximize this beneficial effect. Rat livers were cold- preserved in University of Wisconsin solution for 30 hours then subjected to 1-hour warm ischemia after which they were reperfused at 37 degrees C with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution with or without isolated platelets. PGE1 was used to treat the donor liver during harvesting, cold preservation, and reperfusion. In some studies, PGE1 was used to pretreat platelets before exposing them to the liver, and in other studies, both liver and platelets were treated. Pretreatment of platelets with paraformaldehyde, which inactivates them, or ADP, which activates them, was also studied. Treatment of livers with PGE1 significantly decreased preservation injury when livers were reperfused in the absence of platelets. However, when platelets were added to the perfusate, prior treatment of the liver with PGE1 had relatively minor beneficial effects. Pretreatment of platelets alone with PGE1 was also beneficial, but again the effect was small. However, when both liver and platelets were treated with PGE1 there was a highly significant decrease in the extent of liver injury and platelet adhesion. Perfusate transaminase levels were lower, bile flow was improved, and histologically, livers appeared less injured. Pretreatment of platelets with paraformaldehyde produced similar results to pretreatment with PGE1. When platelets were preactivated with adenosine diphosphate, extensive hepatic injury occurred upon reperfusion despite PGE1 treatment of the liver. PGE1 can lessen preservation-reperfusion injury impressively when administered to both liver and platelets but has little effect when platelets have been preactivated. AD - Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. SO - Liver Transpl Surg 1996 Jan;2(1):23-36 UI - 97383195 PM - 9237858 PT - HISTORICAL ARTICLE AU - May CA TI - Description and function of the ciliary nerves--some historical remarks on choroidal innervation. MH - Choroid/*INJURIES/CYTOLOGY MH - Ciliary Body/*INJURIES MH - Ganglia MH - History of Medicine, Ancient MH - History of Medicine, Medieval MH - History of Medicine, 16th Cent. MH - History of Medicine, 17th Cent. MH - History of Medicine, 18th Cent. MH - History of Medicine, 19th Cent. MH - Human MH - Nerve Fibers DP - 1997 Jul TA - Exp Eye Res IS - 0014-4835 JC - EPL PG - 1-5 IP - 1 VI - 65 AB - The earliest accounts of the eye recognized its main function as providing vision, but the mechanism of how the eye functioned remained obscure for many centuries. The aim of the following work is to outline these changes in the understanding of a particular structure and function of the human body, namely, the ciliary nerves supplying the uveoscleral part of the eye. In the extensive study on the history of ophthalmology by Hirschberg (published between 1899 and 1918), the ciliary nerves and choroidal innervation are only sparsely mentioned. AD - Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen- Nuernberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany. SO - Exp Eye Res 1997 Jul;65(1):1-5 UI - 98001549 PM - 9343384 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Jenness DD AU - Li Y AU - Tipper C AU - Spatrick P TI - Elimination of defective alpha-factor pheromone receptors. MH - Biological Transport MH - Cell Compartmentation MH - Cell Membrane/METABOLISM MH - Cloning, Molecular MH - Fungal Proteins/*METABOLISM/GENETICS/CHEMISTRY MH - Models, Molecular MH - Mutation MH - Protein Conformation MH - Protein Folding MH - Receptors, Peptide/*METABOLISM/GENETICS/CHEMISTRY MH - Reproduction MH - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/METABOLISM MH - Sequence Analysis, DNA MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Vacuoles/METABOLISM RN - 0 (Receptors, Peptide) RN - 0 (Fungal Proteins) RN - 0 (mating factor receptor) DP - 1997 Nov TA - Mol Cell Biol IS - 0270-7306 JC - NGY PG - 6236-6245 IP - 11 VI - 17 AB - This report compares trafficking routes of a plasma membrane protein that was misfolded either during its synthesis or after it had reached the cell surface. A temperature-sensitive mutant form of the yeast alpha-factor pheromone receptor (ste2-3) was found to provide a model substrate for quality control of plasma membrane proteins. We show for the first time that a misfolded membrane protein is recognized at the cell surface and rapidly removed. When the ste2-3 mutant cells were cultured continuously at 34 degrees C, the mutant receptor protein (Ste2-3p) failed to accumulate at the plasma membrane and was degraded with a half-life of 4 min, compared with a half-life of 33 min for wild- type receptor protein (Ste2p). Degradation of both Ste2-3p and Ste2p required the vacuolar proteolytic activities controlled by the PEP4 gene. At 34 degrees C, Ste2-3p comigrated with glycosylated Ste2p on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that Ste2-3p enters the secretory pathway. Degradation of Ste2-3p did not require delivery to the plasma membrane as the sec1 mutation failed to block rapid turnover. Truncation of the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of the mutant receptors did not permit accumulation at the plasma membrane; thus, the endocytic signals contained in this domain are unnecessary for intracellular retention. In the pep4 mutant, Ste2- 3p accumulated as series of high-molecular-weight species, suggesting a potential role for ubiquitin in the elimination process. When ste2-3 mutant cells were cultured continuously at 22 degrees C, Ste2-3p accumulated in the plasma membrane. When the 22 degrees C culture was shifted to 34 degrees C, Ste2-3p was removed from the plasma membrane and degraded by a PEP4-dependent mechanism with a 24-min half-life; the wild-type Ste2p displayed a 72-min half-life. Thus, structural defects in Ste2-3p synthesized at 34 degrees C are recognized in transit to the plasma membrane, leading to rapid degradation, and Ste2-3p that is preassembled at the plasma membrane is also removed and degraded following a shift to 34 degrees C. AD - Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655-0122, USA. jennessd@ummed.edu SO - Mol Cell Biol 1997 Nov;17(11):6236-6245 UI - 97402316 PM - 9259380 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Eapen V AU - Robertson MM AU - Alsobrook JP 2nd AU - Pauls DL TI - Obsessive compulsive symptoms in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and obsessive compulsive disorder: differences by diagnosis and family history. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Basal Ganglia/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Child MH - Comparative Study MH - *Compulsive Behavior MH - Dopamine/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Female MH - Frontal Lobe/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Gyrus Cinguli/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Human MH - Male MH - Middle Age MH - *Obsessive Behavior MH - Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/*PSYCHOLOGY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/GENETICS/ETIOLOGY MH - Psychological Tests MH - Serotonin/PHYSIOLOGY MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Thalamus/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY MH - Tourette Syndrome/*PSYCHOLOGY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/GENETICS/ETIOLOGY RN - 51-61-6 (Dopamine) RN - 50-67-9 (Serotonin) DP - 1997 Jul 25 TA - Am J Med Genet IS - 0148-7299 JC - 3L4 PG - 432-438 IP - 4 VI - 74 AB - The distribution of obsessive compulsive symptoms was compared in 16 individuals with primary obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and 16 individuals with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and associated obsessive compulsive behaviors (OCB). The two groups showed significant differences in the distribution of OC symptomatology. Furthermore, those OCD probands who shared a similar symptom profile with GTS individuals all had a positive family history of OCD. All of the other OCD probands were isolated cases. Implications of this finding on the etiology and pathogenesis of the two disorders are discussed. AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of London, United Kingdom. SO - Am J Med Genet 1997 Jul 25;74(4):432-438 UI - 98026129 PM - 9379007 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Herold KC AU - Lu J AU - Rulifson I AU - Vezys V AU - Taub D AU - Grusby MJ AU - Bluestone JA TI - Regulation of C-C chemokine production by murine T cells by CD28/B7 costimulation. MH - Animal MH - Antigens, CD28/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Antigens, CD80/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Chemokines, CC/IMMUNOLOGY/*BIOSYNTHESIS MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred BALB C MH - Mice, Transgenic MH - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Signal Transduction/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - T-Lymphocytes/*IMMUNOLOGY RN - 0 (Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell) RN - 0 (Chemokines, CC) RN - 0 (Antigens, CD80) RN - 0 (Antigens, CD28) DP - 1997 Nov 1 TA - J Immunol IS - 0022-1767 JC - IFB PG - 4150-4153 IP - 9 VI - 159 AB - C-C chemokines play an important role in recruitment of T lymphocytes to inflammatory sites. T lymphocytes secrete chemokines, but the activation requirements for chemokine production by T cells are uncertain. We studied the regulation of C-C chemokine production by CD28 costimulatory signals by murine T lymphocytes. Splenocytes from BALB/c mice cultured with anti-CD3 mAb expressed macrophage- inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha mRNA and secreted MIP-1alpha, which was inhibited by anti-B7-1 plus anti-B7-2 mAbs. MIP-1alpha production by Ag-stimulated T cells from DO.11.10 TCR transgenic mice was augmented by anti-CD28 mAb and increased compared with DO.11.10/CD28(-/- ) cells. When T cell costimulation was provided by IL-2, MIP-1alpha was not enhanced. Studies with IL-2, IL-4, STAT4, and STAT6 knock-out mice suggested that chemokine production is controlled by pathways different from those regulating T cell differentiation. Thus, CD28 costimulation may amplify an immune response by stimulating T cell survival, proliferation, and production of chemokines that recruit T cells to inflammatory sites. AD - Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA. kherold@uic.edu SO - J Immunol 1997 Nov 1;159(9):4150-4153 UI - 98025848 PM - 9376099 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Telles PR AU - Bastos FI AU - Guydish J AU - Inciardi JA AU - Surratt HL AU - Pearl M AU - Hearst N TI - Risk behavior and HIV seroprevalence among injecting drug users in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Brazil/EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - Female MH - Human MH - HIV Seropositivity/*EPIDEMIOLOGY MH - *HIV-1 MH - Male MH - Prevalence MH - Substance Abuse, Intravenous MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. DP - 1997 Sep TA - AIDS IS - 0269-9370 JC - AID PG - S35-S42 VI - 11 AB - OBJECTIVE: To characterize HIV seroprevalence and risk behavior among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 1990 and 1996. DESIGN: We report data from three separate cross-sectional samples of IDUs in Rio de Janeiro: the World Health Organization (WHO) sample (n = 479), the Proviva sample (n = 138) and the Brasil sample (n = 110). These data provide the most comprehensive view available, to date, of this understudied population in Rio. METHODS: Demographic characteristics, HIV/AIDS risk behavior and HIV seroprevalence were compared across the three samples and combined analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with injecting risk behavior, sexual risk behavior and HIV seropositivity. RESULTS: The overall HIV seroprevalence among IDUs was 25%. Two encouraging findings of the present analysis were the lower levels of needle-sharing among participants recruited in the latest years (1995-1996) and the lower HIV seroprevalence in the Proviva sample composed mainly of less educated, poorer IDUs living in deprived neighborhoods. No trends toward safer behavior were found for sexual risk, younger age being the principal factor associated with high risk. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of needle-sharing and sexual risk among IDUs in Rio remain high, demonstrating the urgent need to increase the limited preventive measures undertaken so far. Seroprevalence levels for HIV remain significantly lower in the most deprived sample, arguing for the fundamental importance of prompt and effective prevention strategies to keep infection rates from rising among the poorest and largest strata of Rio's IDUs. AD - Nucleo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Atencao ao uso de Drogas, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. SO - AIDS 1997 Sep;11:S35-S42 UI - 97473475 PM - 9332329 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Prentice HG AU - Hann IM AU - Herbrecht R AU - Aoun M AU - Kvaloy S AU - Catovsky D AU - Pinkerton CR AU - Schey SA AU - Jacobs F AU - Oakhill A AU - Stevens RF AU - Darbyshire PJ AU - Gibson BE TI - A randomized comparison of liposomal versus conventional amphotericin B for the treatment of pyrexia of unknown origin in neutropenic patients. MH - Adult MH - Amphotericin B/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Antibiotics, Antifungal/*THERAPEUTIC USE MH - Child MH - Comparative Study MH - Female MH - Fever of Unknown Origin/*DRUG THERAPY/COMPLICATIONS MH - Human MH - Male MH - Mycoses/*DRUG THERAPY MH - Neutropenia/*COMPLICATIONS MH - Prospective Studies MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 1397-89-3 (Amphotericin B) RN - 0 (Antibiotics, Antifungal) RN - 0 (AmBisome) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Br J Haematol IS - 0007-1048 JC - AXC PG - 711-718 IP - 3 VI - 98 AB - One hundred and thirty-four adults and 204 children were randomized in two prospective, parallel comparative multicentre trials to receive either conventional amphotericin B 1 mg/kg/d (c-AMB), liposomal amphotericin B 1 mg/kg/d(L-AMB1) or liposomal amphotericin B 3 mg/ kg/d (L-AMB3). Patients were entered if they had a pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) defined as temperature of 38 degrees C or more, not responding to 96 h of systemic broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, and neutropenia (< 0.5 x 10(9)/l). The safety and toxicity of liposomal amphotericin B was compared with that of conventional amphotericin B. Efficacy of treatment was assessed, with success defined as resolution of fever for 3 consecutive days (< 38 degrees C) without the development of any new fungal infection. Clinical and laboratory parameters were collected for safety analysis. In both the paediatric and adult populations, L-AMB treated patients had a 2-6-fold decrease in the incidence (P < or = 0.01) of test-drug-related side-effects, compared to c-AMB. Severe trial-drug-related side-effects were seen in 1% of L-AMB treated patients, in contrast to 12% of patients on c-AMB (P < 0.01). Nephrotoxicity, in the patient subset not receiving concomitant nephrotoxic agents, defined as a doubling from the patients baseline serum creatinine level, was not observed in the L-AMB1 arm whereas the incidence was 3% in patients on L-AMB3 and 23% in those on c-AMB (P < 0.01). Moreover, time to develop nephrotoxicity was longer in both L- AMB arms than c-AMB (P < 0.01). Severe hypokalaemia was observed less frequently in both L-AMB arms (P < 0.01). Analysis was by intention-to- treat and included all patients randomized. Success was defined by a minimum of 3 consecutive days with fever (< 38 degrees C) continuing to study end indicated by recovery of neutrophils to 0.5 x 10(9)/l. Addition of systemic antifungal therapy or development of systemic fungal infection were failures as was persistent fever to study end. Efficacy assessments indicated success in 49% of the total group treated with c-AMB, 58% of patients responded to L-AMB1 and 64% to L- AMB3. A statistically significant difference was found between c-AMB and L-AMB3 (P = 0.03) but a Kaplan-Meier analysis of time to differvescence of fever showed there was no significant difference between the arms. It was concluded that liposomal amphotericin at either 1 or 3 mg/kg/d was significantly safer than conventional amphotericin B in children and adults. The main aim of this open-label study was to compare safety between the three trial arms. However, we provide evidence for an equivalent or possibly superior efficacy of liposomal amphotericin with regard to resolution of fever of unknown origin. Subsequent trials should compare amphotericin preparations in defined fungal infections. AD - Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London. SO - Br J Haematol 1997 Sep;98(3):711-718 UI - 97466165 PM - 9377966 PT - CLINICAL TRIAL AU - Jablecki J AU - Domanasiewicz A AU - Chelmonski A TI - Treatment of complex fractures within the hand with external fixation. MH - Adolescence MH - Adult MH - Bone Cements MH - English Abstract MH - *External Fixators MH - Female MH - Fractures, Open/*THERAPY MH - Human MH - Male MH - Metacarpophalangeal Joint/*INJURIES MH - Middle Age MH - Prosthesis Implantation MH - Treatment Outcome RN - 0 (Bone Cements) DP - 1997 TA - Chir Narzadow Ruchu Ortop Pol IS - 0009-479X JC - D4E PG - 205-209 IP - 3 VI - 62 AB - External fixation with the use of bone cement was employed in treatment for 22 metacarpal and phalangeal fractures in 18 patients. Open fractures prevailed (70%). A frame or "V" construction was used. Metal implants were connected with balls of bone cement. The average hand function loss in cases of metacarpal fractures associated with nerves and tendons lesion was 25%. AD - Osrodka Replantacji Konczyn, Mikrochirurgii, Chirurgii Reki i Chirurgii Ogolnej w Trzebnicy. SO - Chir Narzadow Ruchu Ortop Pol 1997 ;62(3):205-209 UI - 97447666 PM - 9303406 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Ednie LM AU - Jacobs MR AU - Appelbaum PC TI - Comparative antianaerobic activities of the ketolides HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004). MH - Antibiotics, Macrolide/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Azithromycin/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Bacteria, Anaerobic/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Carbon Dioxide/METABOLISM MH - Clarithromycin/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Comparative Study MH - Erythromycin/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration MH - Microbial Sensitivity Tests MH - Roxithromycin/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't RN - 83905-01-5 (Azithromycin) RN - 81103-11-9 (Clarithromycin) RN - 80214-83-1 (Roxithromycin) RN - 124-38-9 (Carbon Dioxide) RN - 114-07-8 (Erythromycin) RN - 0 (RU 66647) RN - 0 (RU 64004) RN - 0 (Antibiotics, Macrolide) DP - 1997 Sep TA - Antimicrob Agents Chemother IS - 0066-4804 JC - 6HK PG - 2019-2022 IP - 9 VI - 41 AB - HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004), two ketolides, had MICs at which 50% of the strains are inhibited (MIC50s) of 0.06 to 0.125 microg/ml and MIC90s of 16.0 microg/ml against 352 anaerobes. MIC50s and MIC90s of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin were 0.5 to 2.0 microg/ml and 32.0 to >64.0 microg/ml, respectively. HMR 3647 and HMR 3004 were more active against non- Bacteroides fragilis-group anaerobes (other than Fusobacterium mortiferum, Fusobacterium varium, and Clostridium difficile). AD - Department of Pathology (Clinical Microbiology), Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania 17033, USA. SO - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997 Sep;41(9):2019-2022 UI - 98018999 PM - 9357967 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Schuening FG AU - von Kalle C AU - Kiem HP AU - Appelbaum FR AU - Deeg HJ AU - Pepe M AU - Gooley T AU - Graham TC AU - Hackman RC AU - Storb R TI - Effect of recombinant canine stem cell factor, a c-kit ligand, on hematopoietic recovery after DLA-identical littermate marrow transplants in dogs. MH - Animal MH - Bone Marrow Transplantation/*VETERINARY/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Dogs MH - Female MH - Graft vs Host Disease/ETIOLOGY MH - Graft Survival MH - Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Hematopoiesis/*DRUG EFFECTS MH - Histocompatibility MH - Male MH - Recombinant Proteins/PHARMACOLOGY MH - Stem Cell Factor/*PHARMACOLOGY MH - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MH - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MH - Time Factors RN - 143011-72-7 (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor) RN - 0 (Stem Cell Factor) RN - 0 (Recombinant Proteins) DP - 1997 Nov TA - Exp Hematol IS - 0301-472X JC - EPR PG - 1240-1245 IP - 12 VI - 25 AB - We studied the effect of recombinant canine stem cell factor (rcSCF) on hematopoietic recovery, incidence of graft failure, graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD), and survival after marrow transplantation from dog leukocyte antigen (DLA)-identical canine littermates. Ten animals received 100 microg rcSCF/kg/day b.i.d. by subcutaneous injection on days 1 through 10 after 920 cGy total body irradiation and transplantation of a mean of 3.7x10(8) marrow cells/kg body weight. None of the dogs received GVHD prophylaxis. All animals showed hematopoietic engraftment. The median number of days to achieve 1000 neutrophils/mm3 was 9; 100 monocytes/mm3 were reached after 15 days, 500 lymphocytes/mm3 after 21 days, and 20,000 platelets/mm3 after 16 days. One animal developed GVHD involving skin, gut, and liver and died of bacterial pneumonia 21 days after transplantation. The remaining nine dogs were observed for a median of 37 days (range 29-84 days) posttransplantation until they were killed. Facial edema was seen in three dogs during the first 2-3 days of rcSCF administration. These results show that within the limits of this study it appears to be safe to administer SCF after DLA-identical littermate marrow transplants in dogs. Comparison with previously published data in the same model showed that neutrophil and monocyte recovery was significantly faster in dogs receiving SCF treatment compared with dogs without growth factor treatment (recovery to achieve 1000 neutrophils/mm3: median 9 days vs. 13 days, p = 0.002; recovery to 100 monocytes/mm3: median 15 days vs. 105 days, p = 0.0002). Otherwise, no significant differences were seen. Results obtained with SCF treatment were similar to those previously obtained in the same model with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) treatment except that recovery of lymphocytes to 500/mm3 appeared to be more rapid in G-CSF- treated dogs (median 15 days vs. 21 days, p = 0.03). AD - The University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA. SO - Exp Hematol 1997 Nov;25(12):1240-1245 UI - 97465497 PM - 9326217 PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Molldrem JJ AU - Clave E AU - Jiang YZ AU - Mavroudis D AU - Raptis A AU - Hensel N AU - Agarwala V AU - Barrett AJ TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a nonpolymorphic proteinase 3 peptide preferentially inhibit chronic myeloid leukemia colony-forming units. MH - Bone Marrow/PATHOLOGY MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Cytotoxicity, Immunologic MH - Exons/GENETICS MH - Human MH - HLA-A2 Antigen/IMMUNOLOGY MH - Immunotherapy, Adoptive MH - Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic/PATHOLOGY/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Neoplasm Proteins/*IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS/CHEMISTRY MH - Peptide Fragments/*IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS MH - Serine Proteinases/*IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS/CHEMISTRY MH - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*IMMUNOLOGY MH - Tumor Cells, Cultured MH - Tumor Stem Cell Assay MH - Tumor Stem Cells/*IMMUNOLOGY/ENZYMOLOGY RN - 0 (Peptide Fragments) RN - 0 (Neoplasm Proteins) RN - 0 (HLA-A2 Antigen) RN - EC 3.4.21.76 (myeloblastin) RN - EC 3.4.21 (Serine Proteinases) DP - 1997 Oct 1 TA - Blood IS - 0006-4971 JC - A8G PG - 2529-2534 IP - 7 VI - 90 AB - We previously showed that a peptide (PR1) derived from the primary granule enzyme proteinase 3 induced peptide specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in a normal HLA-A2.1+ individual. These CTL showed HLA-restricted cytotoxicity to myeloid leukemias (which overexpress proteinase 3). To further investigate their antileukemic potential, we studied the ability of PR1-specific CTL, derived from two HLA-A2.1+ normal individuals, to inhibit colony-forming unit granulocyte- macrophage (CFU-GM) from normal and leukemic individuals. CTL from 20 day PR1 peptide-pulsed lymphocyte cultures showed 89% to 98% HLA-A2.1- restricted colony inhibition of chronic myeloid leukemia targets. Colony formation in normal HLA-A2.1+ bone marrow or HLA-A2.1- CML cells was not inhibited. Sequencing of the exon encoding PR1 showed that colony inhibition was not caused by polymorphic differences in proteinase 3 between effectors and targets. Analysis by flow cytometry showed that proteinase 3 was overexpressed in the leukemia targets compared with normal marrow targets (median channel fluorescence 1,399 v 298, P = .009). These results show that